Chromatin status is influenced by DNA methylation and histone acetylation Chromatin status is influenced by DNA methylation and histone acetylation In.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Methylation, Acetylation and Epigenetics

Advertisements

Organization of DNA Within a Cell from Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 6 th ed. Fig meters of DNA is packed into a 10  m diameter cell.

EPIGENETICS AND CANCER JILLIAN FROELICK, GRACE LEMPP, NIKHIL UMESH, PAIGE TUMMONS.

Hybridization Diagnostic tools Nucleic acid Basics PCR Electrophoresis

All the cells in the organism have the same DNA DNA is packed together with histones and other proteins into chromatin. Chromatin is a highly dynamic.

Organization of DNA Within a Cell from Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 6 th ed. Fig meters of DNA is packed into a 10  m diameter cell.

Structure of Chromatin

Chromatin Structure & Gene Expression The Histone Code.

Outline  Nucleosome distribution  Chromatin modification patterns  Mechanisms of chromatin modifications  Biological roles.

STRUCTURE OF CHROMATIN

Chapter 19 Organization and Control of Eukaryotic Genomes …Or How To Fit All of the Junk In the Trunk.

Regulation of Gene Expression Chapter 18. Warm Up Explain the difference between a missense and a nonsense mutation. What is a silent mutation? QUIZ TOMORROW:

DNA MODIFICATIONS AND LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION EPIGENETICS PART 1 Feb 19, 2015.

Salivary gland- polytene chromosomes Brain-diploid metaphase chromosomes Same Objective Lens: Why are the salivary gland chromosomes so much larger? Alyssa.

Eukaryotic Gene Control. Gene Organization: Chromatin: Complex of DNA and Proteins Structure base on DNA packing.

Genetic Variation is a Change in the DNA Sequence

Biol 456/656 Molecular Epigenetics Lecture #5 Wed. Sept 2, 2015.

Javad Jamshidi Fasa University of Medical Sciences, November 2015 Genes, Genomes and Chromatin Organization.

CHROMOSOMAL ORGANIZATION Chapter 16, Section 3. Chromatin: DNA at its associated proteins. DNA, the Double Helix ■Sugar-phosphate backbones on the exterior.

EPIGENETICS #1 BIOT 412 Fall 2013.

Molecules and mechanisms of epigenetics. Adult stem cells know their fate! For example: myoblasts can form muscle cells only. Hematopoetic cells only.

The Code of Life: Topic 4 Regulation of gene expression.

Outline Chromatin modification Capping Polyadenylation Welch – 3:15 pm Thursday Oct 30.

The bottom panel depicts the "breakdown" of the barriers in a cancer cell such that the transcriptionally repressive chromatin and DNA methylation all.

DNA compaction in a human nucleus

GENE REGULATION in Eukaryotic Cells

Regulation of Gene Activity

Chromatin Regulation September 20, 2017.

Regulation of gene Expression in Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Eukaryote Gene Expression/Regulation

Concept 18.2: Eukaryotic gene expression can be regulated at any stage

Gene Regulation.

RNA and Chromosome Structure

Regulation of Gene Expression

Beyond genetics: epigenetic code in chronic kidney disease

Epigenetics Heritable alteration of gene expression without a change in nucleotide sequence.

Genome editing by CRISPR

mTORC1 signalling links cellular growth with autophagy

Epigenetics: A Landscape Takes Shape

Signaling Network Model of Chromatin

Selected mechanisms of colistin resistance

Epigenetics modification

The Chromatin Signaling Pathway: Diverse Mechanisms of Recruitment of Histone- Modifying Enzymes and Varied Biological Outcomes Edwin Smith, Ali Shilatifard

Small Molecule Control of Chromatin Remodeling

The Nucleosome Cell Volume 116, Issue 2, Pages (January 2004)

Figure 2 Histone acetylation regulates gene expression

Basic concepts of epigenetics

Epigenetic modifications as new targets for liver disease therapies

Retrovirus Silencing by an Epigenetic TRIM

A Role for Epigenetics in Psoriasis: Methylated Cytosine–Guanine Sites Differentiate Lesional from Nonlesional Skin and from Normal Skin Johann E. Gudjonsson,

The principles of genetic association

Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology of Cancer Epigenetics

Gene expression of epigenetic modulators, HDAC1 and Dnmt1, and the histone acetylation modification patterns by the prenatal/maternal BSp dietary treatment.

QF-PCR QF-PCR Several microsatellite loci (here R, S and T) on the relevant chromosome(s) are analysed by PCR using an appropriate pair of flanking primers,

Transcriptional regulation by Smads.

NIPD for trisomy 21 NIPD for trisomy 21 (A) Foetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from the foetal circulation crosses the placenta into the maternal circulation,

Schematic map of the X and Y chromosomes

Epigenetic regulation of p16INK4a in human gastric cancer.

Allele-specific PCR by positioning the variant at the 3′ end of one primer Allele-specific PCR by positioning the variant at the 3′ end of one primer (A)

Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II at eukaryotic protein-coding genes involves the cooperative assembly on the core promoter of multiple distinct.

DNA methylation status is heritable but requires maintenance

The electron transport chain

RAS activation RAS activation (A) RAS is bound to GDP in the inactive state. Signal transduction can lead to the activation of RAS, via a GEF (GDP/GTP.

Methylation of cytosine and consequences of deamination of methyl-C

Fertilisation outcomes

CF symptoms depend on residual CFTR activity

Oncogenic mutations Oncogenic mutations Examples of oncogene activating mutations are depicted. (A) Gene amplification leading to increased expression.

Genome wide association study for T2D-related loci

Presentation transcript:

Chromatin status is influenced by DNA methylation and histone acetylation Chromatin status is influenced by DNA methylation and histone acetylation In active chromatin the N-terminal tails of histone proteins are acetylated (by HATs); the additional positive charges encourage a looser packing of nucleosomes that makes the DNA more accessible for other proteins and thus facilitates transcription. Addition of methyl groups to the CG dinucleotides (by DNMTs) and removal of the acetyl groups from the histones (by HDACs) provokes a more compact chromatin structure, which is not easily accessible by transcription factors, generating inactive chromatin. Reactivation of inactive chromatin is facilitated by DNA demethylases (which remove the methyl groups) and HATs. Maria Jackson et al. Essays Biochem. 2018;62:643-723 ©2018 by Portland Press Ltd