Vascular applications of telepresence surgery: Initial feasibility studies in swine Jon C. Bowersox, MD, PhD, Ajit Shah, PhD, Joel Jensen, MS, John Hill, PhD, Paul R. Cordts, MD, Philip S. Green, MS Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 281-287 (February 1996) DOI: 10.1016/S0741-5214(96)70272-0 Copyright © 1996 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Telepresence surgery system. A, Surgeon's workstation with 3D viewing screen and instrument handles. B, RSU with manipulator arms. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1996 23, 281-287DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(96)70272-0) Copyright © 1996 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Telepresence surgery system. A, Surgeon's workstation with 3D viewing screen and instrument handles. B, RSU with manipulator arms. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1996 23, 281-287DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(96)70272-0) Copyright © 1996 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 DOF describe the planes in which manipulator arms can be moved. 4 DOF plus actuator (instrument tip) opening and closing are available in the current telepresence surgery system. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1996 23, 281-287DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(96)70272-0) Copyright © 1996 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions