THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR.

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Presentation transcript:

THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

SUPPORTERS AND FORCES REPUBLICANOS SUBLEVADOS O “NACIONALES” Workers, peasants without land The Republican Govern with the Popular Front. Unión Republicana, Izquierda Republicana Constitutionals, democrats Left-Wing parties: PSOE, PCE, anarchist, POUM, CNT, Labour Movements. Some nationalist (Ezquerra and PNV) - Defended the legitimacy of the Republic SUBLEVADOS O “NACIONALES” Conservative militars. The african army (elite) Monarchicals Catholics Falangists Carlist Affected by the republican reforms Inspired by the fascism, self-named nacionales.

MILITAR FORCES

VOLUNTEERS

INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR EACH SIDE THE NON-INTERVENTION COMMITTEE France and Britain proclaimed their neutrality despite they recognized the legitimy republican govern. SUPPORT FOR THE REPUBLIC URSS was the only country that supported the Republic. Support with weapons, tanks and aircrafts. The International Brigades: Almost 60,000 volunteers from 50 different countries who came to fight the fascism. SUPPORT FOR THE NATIONALIST FASCIST ITALY: They italian fascism sent supplies and soldiers. NAZI GERMANY: Sent trainers, and experimented with weapons. The Condor Legion (elite aviation) was very relevant. PORTUGAL: Under a military dictatorship

INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR EACH SIDE

SIDES DURING THE WAR THE NATIONALIST REBELS Milarily organised. The Board of National Defence appointed Franco as the head of the new government. Militar Hierachy Better equiped and trained. African army A single party (FET and JONS) Burgos: provisional capital city Catholicism as the state religion Fascist organisation

SIDES DURING THE WAR THE REPUBLIC THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION Divided at the beggining. Army organised in workers committees Some radical trade unions (CNT-FAI, UGT) wanted a revolution The Popular Army was created to concéntrate on winning the war Presidents: José Giral, Largo Caballero and Juan Negrin THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION Some radicals on the left wanted a social revolution. COLECTIVISATION OF THE ECONOMY Some radicals imposed a collectivisation of production and abolition of private property. Expropiated lands, peasants communes were created. B. THE MILITIAS Voluntary civilian forces who defended the Republic. During 1936 remained outside the authority of the government. C. WOMEN On the republican side participated on equal terms than men. They were militians, workers, peasants,…

MILITARY STAGES https://www. slideshare 1. ADVANCE TO MADRID (August 36 – March 37) “Nacionales” advance from Seville through Extremadura, Toledo and atack Madrid. Madrid resisted the atack. Battles: Jarama and Guadalajara. The Alcazar besieged.

MILITARY STAGES 2. THE BATTLE OF THE NORTH (April 37 – October 37) - Franco’s army bombed cities on the Cantabrian coast. - The German Condor Legion bombed Guernica (Biscay) Republican offensive: - Battle Belchite (Zaragoza) - Battle Brunete (Madrid) Fall of Cantabria, Asturias, Basque Country.

MILITARY STAGES 3. BATTLE OF THE EBRO – END OF THE WAR (January 38 – April 39) - Feb. 38: “Nacionales” occupied Teruel. - Republican reaction: Battle of the Ebro (Jul-Oct. 38). Reconquest Teruel. - Fall of Republicans: Franco conquest Catalonia, arrived to Mediterranean. - April, the 1st: End of the Conflict

CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR DEMOGRAPHIC: 500,000 deaths 400,000 exiled in 1939 Repression: Republican Area: uncontrolled. Around 50,000 killed. From 1936 and erradicated in 1937 Nationalist Area: institutionalised. Aim to terrorise population, and prevent dissention. 100,000 killed + 50,000 after the war. 270,000 enjailed. FUSILADOS - ZARAGOZA

CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR ECONOMIC: Destruction of infraestructures Agricultural and Industrial production decrease GDP recuperated in the 1950s Destruction of 250,000 houses Spain indebted. Gold reserves lost. 1940s: Hunger years

CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR POLITICAL: Destruction of democracy Dictatorship established: 40 years of Franquismo SOCIAL: Lost of rights for the workers Social distinction between winners and defeats. Repression Franco opposed reconciliation

CONCENTRATION CAMPS

CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR POLITICAL: Destruction of democracy Dictatorship established: 40 years of Franquismo SOCIAL: Lost of rights for the workers Social distinction between winners and defeats. Repression Franco opposed reconciliation