Into the Wood(s): What is wood, anyways?.

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Presentation transcript:

Into the Wood(s): What is wood, anyways?

What is wood made of? Cellulose Repeating pattern of modified starch High tension strength Lignin Randomly crosslinked phenolic polymers Compression resistant

What is wood made of? Heartwood Darker wood in center Dead cells, no transport Adds structural strength Sapwood Lighter wood around edge Transports water up (xylem) Living cells

What is wood made of? Concentric layers – outside to inside: Outer bark – protects from injury Phloem (inner bark) – photosynthates (sugars) flow down from leaves to roots. Phloem is “leaky”. Cambium – thin layer of dividing cells where most radial growth occurs. Cambium grows a new layer of sapwood every year; these are the growth rings Xylem (sapwood) – water and nutrients drawn up from roots to leaves. Xylem is not “leaky”.

How does water move? Xylem cross-section: Small diameter for more capillary effect Xylem diameter inverse to tree height potential Water is pulled from the roots to the leaves by wicking (evaporation from leaves) and capillary action

How does water move? Xylem Phloem Some water evaporates, keeping leaf cool and creating a pressure deficit, which draws more water up from roots (much like sucking on a straw) Some water molecules are split apart in photosynthesis to create glucose, but that’s for another day. Xylem in leaf has pores, allowing water to permeate leaf interior

How does water move? Xylem Phloem Water permeating the leaf interior absorbs sugars produced by photosynthesis The phloem tubes in leaves allow sugar-laden water in, but not out. It flows downward (or outward) and is distributed by osmotic pressure to areas of the plant lacking sugar. Phloem tubes

Where does water move? To leaves: Photosynthesis Transpiration Sap To areas of growth: Apical buds Cambium Root tips

Sap vs. pitch Pitch is the thick sticky resin that defends the plant Resin canals Pitch is the thick sticky resin that defends the plant from injury and insects - Source of turpentine, amber -Antiseptic Sap is the water carrying nutrients or sugars moving up through xylem or down through phloem

Bark Products from bark: Cork Cinnamon Quinine Outer bark Lenticels Inner bark (cork) Cork cambium Phloem Vascular cambium Xylem (sapwood) Products from bark: Cork Cinnamon Quinine

Trees in fire-prone ecosystems have thick fire resistant bark

Bark protects trees from insects, Pitch moth Bark protects trees from insects, to a certain extent Bark beetle

Questions?