Increased neutrophil priming and sensitization before commencing cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgical patients  Y.John Gu, MD, PhD, Pieter Schoen,

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Increased neutrophil priming and sensitization before commencing cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgical patients  Y.John Gu, MD, PhD, Pieter Schoen, PhD, Izaak Tigchelaar, BS, Bart G Loef, MD, Tjark Ebels, MD, PhD, Andrew J Rankin, PhD, Willem van Oeveren, PhD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 74, Issue 4, Pages 1173-1179 (October 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03822-5

Fig 1 Circulating levels of leukocytes, granulocytes, and elastase in venous samples taken from 20 cardiac surgical patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Data are expressed as mean ± standard error. ∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01 compared with T1. (T1 = before operation; T2 = prior to CPB; T3 = 30 min on CPB; T4 = end of CPB; T5 = 2 h arriving intensive unit; T6 = postoperative day 1; T7 = day 2; T8 = day 7.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1173-1179DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03822-5)

Fig 2 The primability of neutrophils in vitro stimulated by cytochalasin B (CytoB) before, during, and after cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (n = 20). Data are comparisons (ratio) of elastase concentrations between the CytoB-stimulated and unstimulated samples and are expressed as mean ± standard error based on comparison of each individual patient. (T1 = before operation; T2 = prior to CPB; T3 = 30 min on CPB; T4 = end of CPB; T5 = 2 h arriving intensive unit; T6 = postoperative day 1; T7 = day 2; T8 = day 7.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1173-1179DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03822-5)

Fig 3 (A) Platelet-activating factor-induced release of elastase in whole blood primed with cytochalasin B. (B) N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced release of elastase in whole blood primed with cytochalasin B. Elastase concentrations are corrected for the sample granulocyte count (ng/mL per million granulocytes). Blood samples were taken from venous samples taken before, during, and after cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Data are expressed as mean ± standard error. ∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01 compared with T1. (T1 = before operation; T2 = prior to CPB; T3 = 30 min on CPB; T4 = end of CPB; T5 = 2 h arriving intensive unit; T6 = postoperative day 1; T7 = day 2; T8 = day 7.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1173-1179DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03822-5)