Matter and Change Unit 1

Matter Matter- anything that takes up space & has mass Properties of Matter (Substance) Mass: amount of matter an object contains Physical property: quality of a substance that can be seen or measured without changing the substance’s composition, can be used to identify a substance. Color Density Solubility (ability to dissolve) Melting point Odor Boiling point Hardness

density = mass/Volume d = m/V See examples on separate page.

Physical Properties of Matter- States of Matter Solid: matter that has definite volume & shape Particles vibrate around a fixed position Liquid: matter that flows has definite volume, not shape Gas: matter that has no definite volume or shape, takes the shape & volume of its container Moves freely and randomly Plasma: high temperature state where the electrons are pulled away from the nucleus of the atom, called ionized gas Moves freely and randomly

States of Matter- What state of matter is represented by each picture?

Physical Changes A change in matter that does NOT change the composition of the substance Melting/ Freezing Boiling/ Condensing CHANGING STATES OF MATTER IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE!!! Dissolving Break/ Cut/ Tear Grind/ Crush

Chemical Change A change in which one or more substances is changed into a different substance, something new is formed. A chemical reaction

Examples Burn/ explode Rot/ decompose Ferment Digest Corrode/ rust

Chemical Properties Ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and form something new Flammability/ Immflamability Reactivity Oxidation Acidity/ Basicity

Mixtures: physical blend of 2 or more substances Heterogeneous mixture: not uniform in composition, can easily distinguish separate components Homogeneous mixture: uniform in composition, cannot see each separate component

Solutions: Some Terms to Know Solute: the stuff that gets dissolved Solvent: the stuff doing the dissolving

Another Name for Homogeneous Mixture → Solutions Types of Solutions (solute-solvent) Gas-Gas: air (CO2 in N2) Liquid-Gas: water vapor in air Gas-Liquid: CO2 in soda Liquid-Liquid: vinegar (acetic acid in water) Solid-Liquid: salt water Solid-Solid: sterling silver (copper in silver)

Separating a Mixture 1. Physically removing pieces

Separating a Mixture Distillation: a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed again to a liquid. Based on a mixture of 2 liquids that have different boiling points.

Separating a Mixture Chromatography: used to separate a mixture in which the components or pigments are 2 or more different colors.