Role of MAPKs on DPP-23-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Role of MAPKs on DPP-23-induced autophagy and apoptosis. A, MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with 10 μmol/L DPP-23 for various lengths of time. Whole-cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by immunoblotting. B, MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with 10 μmol/L DPP-23 in the absence or presence of NAC. Whole-cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by immunoblotting. C, MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with U0126, SB203580, or SP600125 for 30 minutes, followed by 10 μmol/L DPP-23. After 24 hours, whole-cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting. Soon Young Shin et al. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:4302-4313 ©2014 by American Association for Cancer Research