Congress of Vienna

After Napoleon Europe’s major goal was to restore old order After Napoleon Europe’s major goal was to restore old order. (principal of legitimacy) Lawful monarchs from families before Napoleon would be restored to power to keep stability and peace in their countries.

Practiced in France but ignored elsewhere People are moving to new political ideas Out with the old

Political boundaries will change Balance of Power- keep one country from becoming to powerful

Conservative Order Goal- tradition and stability Obedience to authority and organized religion crucial for order in society No revolution or revolts No individual rights or representative governments

Concert of Europe Big Players of the day- Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria Agree to meet and help each other if order is needed Would even send armies to put down revolutions (GB refused)

Liberalism People should be as free as possible from government Protect civil liberties Want written laws and constitutions Only men own property could vote (middle class)

Nationalism Community of common interests, traditions, language, and customs Conservatives suppress nationalism Pride for one’s country

Revolutions 1848 Conservative order still dominates France wants more rights Revolt in France spreads across Europe and other countries try for democracy and universal male sufferage.

Central Europe Revolts Austrian Empire was collection of different people 1848 demonstrations took control in Vienna People demanded liberal constitutions Czech revolt Bohemia revolt Hungary revolt Italy revolt They all fail

Throughout Europe revolts break out but fail. Why? Liberals divided and can’t agree Radicals did not get the support they hoped for The revolts fail for now but nationalism grows