Biomass Yield and Nutrient Accumulation by Four Small Grain Species

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Presentation transcript:

Biomass Yield and Nutrient Accumulation by Four Small Grain Species Used as a Winter Cover Crop Dewey Lee and Glen Harris (Crop & Soil Sciences-Tifton) Julia Gaskin (Biological & Agricultural Engineering – Athens) Background Conservation tillage is used on approximately 40 % of row crop acres in Georgia. Small grain cover crops are recommended for building organic matter, controlling erosion and weed control. Choice of cover crop and timing of the termination of the cover crop is usually based on which summer crop is planted. Potential for nutrient recycling is important due to high fertilizer prices. What We Found 4-Year Average N Uptake 4-Year Average Biomass 4-Year Average K Uptake 4-Year Average P Uptake Why We Did It To compare small grain species and determine which is best in terms of biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake for cropping systems in Georgia What We Think Biomass and nutrient uptake increased for all species the later the growth stage as expected Nutrient uptake increased with time due to increasing biomass not % N,P or K in plant Average N, P, and K % content in tissue at Feekes 6, 9, and 11 were: 2.29.,1.73,1.58; 0.27,0.19,0.18; and 2.55,2.04,1.59, respectively. Rye and triticale best cover crops for corn since they accumulate more biomass and nutrients early The later the cover crop is terminated the better the potential for building organic matter and recycling nutrients How We Did It Planted rye, wheat, oat and triticale at similar seeding rates in Fall of 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 Tifton loamy sand, non-irrigated Previous Crop: Pearl Millet: 2002,2004 Soybean “green manure”,2003 Soybean: 2005 Fertilized with 40-40-40 lb/a at planting Aboveground biomass from 0.25 m2 at Feekes 6, 9 and 11 Weighed and analyzed biomass for N, P and K 3-Year Average C:N Ratio What We Should Do Next Measure recycling of nutrients in the soil profile Measure the contribution from nutrients recycled by cover crop into the summer crop Compare the ability of cover crops terminated at different stages to contribute to soil organic matter based on carbon:nitrogen ratios such as found in this study shown here