Matter and thermal energy part 2 States of Matter Matter and thermal energy part 2

Standards 6.P.2.2 - Explain the effect of heat on the motion of atoms through a description of what happens to particles during a change in phase.

I can answer these questions: Do atoms move faster or slower when they are heated Do atoms move faster or slower when they are cooled What happens to atoms when they go from a solid to a liquid What happens to atoms when they go from a liquid to a gas What happens when the phase changes are reverse gas to liquid to solid

How many state of matter? Only 3 right? WRONG! There are 5 states of matter

3 common states Solid Liquid Gas

2 not so common states Plasma Bose-Einstein

How are the states different? The difference between each state is how tightly or loosely packed the atoms are to each other

Solid Solids are packed extremely tight together. They take a specific shape.

WEIRD SCIENCE Even though you can’t see it, the atoms in a solid are still vibrating! Weird, so a solid is moving?! CRAZY

In a liquid the atoms are further apart.

WEIRD SCIENCE A liquid does not have a shape. In fact it takes the shape of whatever is holding it.

Gas Gases are moving extremely fast. The atoms are bouncing all around all the time. They take up all the space in an area until they get more room.

WEIRD SCIENCE In the entire gym we could have only two gas atoms. They would bounce around so much and so quickly that no more gas atoms could fit. CRAZY!!

Plasma is the most common state in the universe Plasma is the next step after a gas. Enough energy is put into the gas that electrons break free. Plasma is the most common state in the universe

WEIRD SCIENCE The largest amount of plasma near us is the Sun. It is a great big ball of plasma.

Bose-Einstein This state is what happens with a black hole. All the atoms lose their energy and clump together.

Bose-Einstein were two people. Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein WEIRD SCIENCE Bose-Einstein were two people. Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein This state happens at super cold temperatures.

A phase change happens when atoms are either heated up or cooled down. The best example of this is with water: Ice to liquid water to gas

Heating When the atoms in a solid are heated they move faster and begin spread apart until they reach the new phase – liquid When the atoms in a liquid are heated they move faster and begin to spread apart until they reach a new phase - gas

Cooling As a gas is cooled the atoms begin to move more slowly and start get closer together until it becomes a liquid. As a liquid cools the atoms begin to move more slowly and start to get closer until it becomes a solid.

WEIRD SCIENCE Most things need to go through each phase change to go from a solid to a gas. Which means they have to become a liquid. But not dry ice (carbon dioxide) it can go from a solid to a gas and not become a liquid. That is called SUBLIMATION

Sublimation