Fig. 4. SUS treatment rescues memory deficits in an AD mouse model.

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Fig. 4. SUS treatment rescues memory deficits in an AD mouse model. SUS treatment rescues memory deficits in an AD mouse model. (A) Treatment scheme of a second cohort of 20 gender-matched APP23 mice and 10 non-Tg littermates to determine the functional outcome of the SUS treatment protocol in more robust behavioral tests. The mice were analyzed in the APA task, a test of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning in which mice learned to avoid a shock zone in a rotating arena. After the APA test, the APP23 mice were divided into two groups with matching performance and received weekly SUS or sham treatment for 7 weeks. This was followed by an APA retest and a novel object recognition (NOR) test. One day after the final SUS treatment, mice were sacrificed and brain extracts were analyzed by Western blotting and ELISA. (B) Twenty APP23 mice and 10 non-Tg littermates tested in the APA test, with a habituation session (labeled H) followed by four training sessions (labeled D1 to D4). (C) In the APA retest, SUS-treated mice showed better learning than did sham-treated mice when tested for reversal learning (P = 0.031). (D) SUS-treated mice also showed improvement when the first 5 min (long-term memory) and last 5 min (short-term memory) were plotted separately (P = 0.031). (E) The APA retest was followed by the NOR test to determine the time spent with the novel object (labeled N) compared with the familiar object. (F) Analysis of the discrimination ratio that divides the above measure by the total time spent exploring both objects revealed that SUS-treated APP23 mice showed an increased preference for the novel object compared to sham-treated APP23 mice (P = 0.036). Gerhard Leinenga and Jürgen Götz Sci Transl Med 2015;7:278ra33 Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science