Unit 4 (1800-1870).

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 4 (1800-1870)

The American Renaissance Definition Unrestrained growth in U.S. 1803-1853: area of U.S. increases 1800-1850: population of U.S. increases from 5 million to over 23 million Westward expansion (Louisiana Purchase, The Gold Rush) Technological advancements (i.e. steel plow, telegraph, cotton gin) Transportation Improvements (canals, railroads) Democracy

Romanticism During the Industrial Revolution an intellectual and artistic hostility towards the new industrialization developed. This was known as the Romantic movement. Romanticism stressed, the self, emotion over logic, the imagination over reason, and subjectivity of approach, and nature, nature, nature! “Romanticism” refers to a set of loosely connected attitudes toward nature and humankind, and NOT to romantic love. The movement known as Romanticism sprang up in both Europe and America as a reaction to everything that had come before it: The rationalism of 18th-century Age of Reason The strict doctrines of Puritanism

Dark vs. light romanticism Humans are basically good. Optimistic The human soul is reflected in nature. Humans are basically cruel/corrupt. Gothic Suspension of disbelief

GOTHIC: characterized by elements of fear, horror, death, and gloom, as well as romantic elements, such as nature, individuality, and very high emotion. These emotions can include fear and suspense. G: rotesque Characters (Physical & Psychological) O: ften violent T: he setting is bleak and/or isolated. H: as a supernatural element I: mpending doom C: astles, cemeteries, mansions

Romanticism Author’s & titles Washington Irving: “The Devil and Tom Walker” Nathaniel Hawthorne: “The Minister's Black Veil” Edgar Allan Poe: “Hop Frog” / “Annabelle Lee”

The fireside poets Popular poets of their time Preferred conventional forms over experimentation. Often used American legends and scenes of American life as their subject matter. William Cullen Bryant: “Thanatopsis” Thantos=death; Opsis=view Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: “The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls” Oliver Wendell Holmes: “Old Ironsides"

Transcendentalism Emerson first expressed his philosophy in his essay “Nature”. Suggests that every individual is capable of discovering this higher truth through intuition; the human mind is the most important force in the universe. No to government, religion, education, structure, materials Always about self-discovery Thoreau was Emerson’s protégé Universal Spirit-God’s mind Reject rules/laws of man Experience through nature

Transcendentalism author’s & titles Ralph Waldo Emerson- “Self-Reliance” Henry David Thoreau- Civil Disobedience Jon Krakauer (Chris McCandless)- Into the Wild

Faustian archetype The Legend: German doctor who made a deal with the devil for eternal youth. Characteristics: Tragic Hero Shadow-Devil Temptress-Deal Sign deal in blood Sell soul to the devil Trick/The devil usually wins

Examples of Faustian Archetype Ghost Rider “The Devil Went Down to Georgia” Can you think of any others??