Chapter 5: The Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5: The Second Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics: After the heat dissipation from the brake system to the ambient is complete.

Directional Phenomena

Directional Phenomena

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Heat Engines Higher temperature body Lower temperature body QH: Heat transfer from a higher temperature body QL: Heat transfer to a lower temperature body Lower temperature body

Refrigerator or heat pump Higher temperature body Lower temperature body

Refrigerator or heat pump

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

  Reversible Processes

  Reversible Processes The small weights may be put back one at a time and the state would return back to the initial state without causing any changes in the system or surroundings.

Irreversible Processes The compression work is higher than the expansion work, which results in an amount of heat discharged into the surroundings.

Irreversible Processes

  The Carnot Cycle

  The Carnot Cycle

  The Carnot Cycle Thermal efficiency:

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale numerical

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

Carnot Cycle Efficiency

  Temperature Scales

  Temperature Scales Normal boiling water temperature at atmosphere:

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