Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression 9 Biology

Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression Gene expression regulates cell behavior Gene regulation can turn on or turn off certain gene expression This process can be visible, or invisible

Ex: Siamese Cats Coloration of siamese cats is like a heat map of their bodies Form of albinism Mutation of TYR gene that encodes for enzyme tyrosinease Enzyme involved in melanin production, and due to mutation, is heat sensitive Colder areas of the cats are dark, and warmer areas are lighter, and their eyes are always blue

Gene Expression and Proteins Gene expression is regulated by proteins Proteins are regulated by amino acid sequence Amino acid sequence is encoded on DNA

Mutations: Gene or Chromosomal Gene mutation: Changes amino acid, thus changing the protein encoded Chromosomal mutation: Structural change in the chromosome Loss of chromosomes, loss of pieces of chromosome, extra chromosomes, duplication of chromosomes

Causes of Gene and Chromosomal Mutations Physical mutagens: U.V. light Radiation Chemical mutagens: Formaldehyde Nitrous acid Chromosomal mutations: Radiation Chemicals Viruses