National Institute of Wind Energy(NIWE) Grid Code Compliance(GCC) Procedure in India 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

A) Grid Code Compliance for Wind Turbine and Wind Turbine Generating Station B) Grid Code Compliance for Solar Inverter and Solar Generating Station 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Terminology Generating Unit : The generating unit refer to one single wind turbine or solar unit (one inverter i.e., DC to AC interface) Generating station : Generating station refers to a solar park or wind park which consists of more than one generating unit (with 11kV or 33kV transformer, transmission line etc) Type Certificate: confirm that the wind turbine type is designed, documented and manufactured in conformity with design assumptions, specific standards and other technical requirements and it applies to a series of Wind Turbines manufactured under the same design. It is issued by independent Accredited Certification body based on type test report by the independent accredited Testing Body Type Testing: Type Testing is the testing carried out by the independent accredited Testing body as per the International standards Point of Common Coupling : It is the interface between the grid and the wind or solar farm. 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Proto Type Testing of Wind Turbine Testing shall be carried out by IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agencies In general Proto Type Testing contains following elements Load Measurement Power Performance and Based on the requirements Noise Measurement Power Quality Measurement Electric power characteristics measurement is undertaken 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Type Certification of Wind Turbine Type certificate enables manufacturer for serial production Certification Agency issues the Type certificate (Third Party) Turbines with valid Type Certificates are included in the RLMM list The turbine model mentioned RLMM are only eligible for installation in India 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Grid compliance requirements to be part of Proto Type Testing of Wind Turbine & Solar Inverter At Unit level measurements will be carried out as part of type testing Based on the type testing, validated simulation shall be derived and is validated by the certification body and is part of type certification document – Conformity of the simulation model based on measurements Certification Body(CB) evaluate the Grid Code compliance (GCC) for wind farm or solar farm as per CEA regulations with validated simulation model of turbine/inverter and actual network parameters of wind/solar farms – Conformity based on simulation 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

CEA Requirements and Compliance Frequency Support 4(main). C. The generating unit shall be capable of operating in the frequency range 47.5 to 52 Hz and be able to deliver rated output in the frequency range of 49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz Ref: “Technical Standards for connectivity to the grid” 6th Feb 2019 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Frequency Support 4(main). C. The frequency range below 49.90 Hz and above 50.05 Hz, or, as prescribed by the Central Commission, from time to time, it shall be possible to activate the control system to regulate the output of the generating unit as per frequency response requirement as provided in sub-clause (4): sub-clause (4): The generating stations with installed capacity of more than 10 MW connected at voltage level of 33 kV and above – (ii) shall have governors or frequency controllers of the units at a droop of 3 to 6% and a dead band not exceeding ±0.03 Hz: Generating Station for frequency deviations in excess of 0.3 Hz, the Generating Station shall have the facility to provide an immediate (within 1 second) real power primary frequency response of at least 10% of the maximum Alternating Current active power capacity. 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

(iii) Generating station shall have the operating range of the frequency response and regulation system from 10% to 100% of the maximum Alternating Current active power capacity, corresponding to solar insolation or wind speed, as the case may be Ref: “Technical Standards for connectivity to the grid” 6th Feb 2019 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Compliance Verification Approach The compliance shall be verified during the type testing process of wind generating unit and solar inverter The testing procedure given in IEC 61400-21-1:2019(8.6.4) shall be followed for wind generating unit The testing procedure given in IEC 62109 shall be followed for solar inverter The test shall be carried out IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agency - TL The Unit level model shall be developed based on measurements as per IEC 61400-27 standards Certification body shall issue the statement of compliance and type certificate The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time application to the utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level active power control to frequency based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Compliance Verification Approach Since there is no active element in the wind or solar farm (except in scenario’s where storage system is present), the compliance verification at unit level may be sufficient, station level may not be required In case storage, compliance verification for the wind/solar farm be carried by CB and issue Statement of compliance for wind/solar farm 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage II: Station Level Compliance Verification The station level(wind/solar) compliance for frequency charcteristic shall be verified through simulation The OEM/Owner/IPP shall develop station level(wind/solar) Equivalent Mathematical Model based on the validated model of units(wind/solar) The certification agency shall carryout the independent simulation (if required) using model submitted by OEM/Owner/IPP for frequency response function Certification agency shall validate the simulation results of station(wind/solar) and issue the SOC for station based on the simulation The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time grid connection. The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level active power control to frequency based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Compliance Verification Approach Active Power Support sub-clause (4) (i): Generating Station shall be equipped with the facility to control active power injection in accordance with a set point, capable of being revised based on directions of the State Load Dispatch Centre or Regional Load Dispatch Centre, as the case may be Compliance Verification Approach The active power support compliance for generating station(wind/solar) shall be verified in two stages 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage I: Unit Level Compliance Verification The compliance shall be verified during the type testing process of wind generating unit and solar inverter The testing procedure given in IEC 61400-21-1:2019(8.4.2- Active power control) shall be followed for wind generating unit The testing procedure given in IEC 62109 shall be followed for solar inverter The test shall be carried out IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agency The Unit level model shall be developed as per IEC 61400-27 standards The OEM/IPP/Owner shall validate the mathematical model of unit(solar/wind) for active power control function based on the test results Certification body shall issue the statement of compliance and type certificate The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time application to the utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level active power control based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage II: Station Level Compliance Verification The station level(wind/solar) compliance for active power support shall be verified through simulation The OEM/Owner/IPP shall develop station level(wind/solar) Equivalent Mathematical Model based on the validated model of units(wind/solar) The certification agency shall carryout the independent simulation (if required) using model submitted by OEM/Owner/IPP for active power control function Certification agency shall validate the simulation results of station(wind/solar) and issue the SOC for station based on the simulation The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the simulation results for active power control and SOC to the Utility/grid authority at the time of grid connection The utility/grid authority shall verify the simulation results and SOC for compliances 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage I: Unit Level Compliance Verification Active Power Support sub-clause (4) (iv) Generating station shall be equipped with the facility for controlling the rate of change of power output at a rate not more than ± 10% per minute. Compliance Verification Approach The active power support compliance for generating station(wind/solar) shall be verified by Utility/Grid authority in two stages Stage I: Unit Level Compliance Verification The compliance shall be verified during the type testing process of wind generating unit and solar inverter The testing procedure given in IEC 61400-21-1:2019(8.4.3- Ramp rate limitation) shall be followed for wind generating unit The testing procedure given in IEC 62109 shall be followed for solar inverter 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

The test shall be carried out IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agency The Unit level model shall be developed as per IEC 61400-27 standards The OEM/IPP/Owner shall validate the mathematical model of unit(solar/wind) for Ramp rate limitation function based on the test results Certification body shall issue the statement of compliance and type certificate The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time application to the utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level Ramp rate limitation based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage II: Station Level Compliance Verification The station level(wind/solar) compliance for ramp rate limitation shall be verified through simulation The OEM/Owner/IPP shall develop station level(wind/solar) Equivalent Mathematical Model based on the validated model of units(wind/solar) The certification agency shall carryout the independent simulation (if required) using model submitted by OEM/Owner/IPP for ramp rate limitation function Certification agency shall clearly indicate the simulation results of station(wind/solar) Certification body shall issue the SOC for station based on the simulation The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the simulation results for ramp rate limit and SOC to the Utility/grid authority at the time of grid connection The utility/grid authority shall verify the simulation results and SOC for compliances It is noted that Active power support would only be available during high frequency situation for ramping down the generation 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Reactive Power Control Support 4(main). C (a)The generating unit shall be able to maintain its performance contained in this subclause even with voltage variation of up to + 5% subject to availability of commensurate wind speed in case of wind generating stations and solar insolation in case of solar generating stations. 5(main) (b) The distribution licensee and bulk consumer shall provide adequate reactive compensation to compensate reactive power requirement in their system so that they do not depend upon the grid for reactive power support. (c) The power factor for distribution system and bulk consumer shall be within ± 0.95; Compliance Verification Approach The active power support compliance for generating station(wind/solar) shall be verified by Utility/Grid authority in two stages 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage I: Unit Level Compliance Verification The compliance shall be verified during the type testing process of wind generating unit and solar inverter The testing procedure given in IEC 61400-21-1:2019(8.3.5and 8.4.6) shall be followed for wind generating unit The testing procedure given in IEC 62109 shall be followed for solar inverter The test shall be carried out IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agency The Unit level model shall be developed as per IEC 61400-27 standards The OEM/IPP/Owner shall validate the mathematical model of unit(solar/wind) for Reactive power support function based on the test results Certification body shall issue the statement of compliance and type certificate The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time application to the utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level Reactive power support based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage II: Station Level Compliance Verification The station level(wind/solar) compliance for Reactive power support shall be verified through simulation The OEM/Owner/IPP shall develop station level(wind/solar) Equivalent Mathematical Model based on the validated model of units(wind/solar) The certification agency shall carryout the independent simulation (if required) using model submitted by OEM/Owner/IPP for Reactive power support function Certification agency shall validate the simulation results of station(wind/solar) issue the SOC for station based on the simulation The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the simulation results for Reactive power support and SOC to the Utility/grid authority at the time of grid connection The utility/grid authority shall verify the simulation results and SOC for compliances 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Fault Ride Through Support Low Voltage Ride Through(LVRT) 4(main). C.3: The generating station connected to the grid, shall remain connected to the grid when voltage at the interconnection point on any or all phases dips up to the level depicted by the thick lines in the following curve, namely: — 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Compliance Verification Approach Provided that during the voltage dip, the supply of reactive power has first priority, while the supply of active power has second priority and the active power preferably be maintained during voltage drops, provided, a reduction in active power within the plant’s design specifications is acceptable and active power be restored to at least 90% of the pre-fault level within 1 sec of restoration of voltage. Compliance Verification Approach The LVRT compliance for generating station(wind/solar) shall be verified by Utility/Grid authority in two stages Ref: “Technical Standards for connectivity to the grid” 6th Feb 2019 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage I: Unit Level Compliance Verification The compliance shall be verified during the type testing process of wind generating unit and solar inverter The testing procedure given in IEC 61400-21-1:2019(8.5.2) shall be followed for wind generating unit The testing procedure given in IEC 62109 shall be followed for solar inverter The test shall be carried out IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agency The Unit level model shall be developed as per IEC 61400-27 standards The OEM/IPP/Owner shall validate the mathematical model of unit(solar/wind) for LVRT function based on the test results Certification body shall issue the statement of compliance and type certificate The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time application to the utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level LVRT based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage II: Station Level Compliance Verification The station level(wind/solar) compliance for LVRT shall be verified through simulation The OEM/Owner/IPP shall develop station level(wind/solar) Equivalent Mathematical Model based on the validated model of units(wind/solar) The certification agency shall carryout the independent simulation (if required) using model submitted by OEM/Owner/IPP for LVRT Certification agency shall validate the simulation results of station(wind/solar) for compliance shall issue the SOC for station based on the simulation. In case compliance is not met, need for additional compensation devises shall be proposed. The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the simulation results for LVRT support and SOC to the Utility/grid authority at the time of grid connection The utility/grid authority shall verify the simulation results and SOC for compliances 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Fault Ride Through Support High Voltage Ride Through sub-clause (7) The generating station connected to the grid, shall remain connected to the grid when voltage at the interconnection point, on any or all phases (symmetrical or asymmetrical overvoltage conditions) rises above the specified values given below for specified time — It is noted that design basis evaluation may be required when the voltage goes beyond 1.2 PU to ensure safety of the turbine 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Compliance Verification Approach The active power support compliance for generating station(wind/solar) shall be verified by Utility/Grid authority in two stages Stage I: Unit Level Compliance Verification The compliance shall be verified during the type testing process of wind generating unit and solar inverter The testing procedure given in IEC 61400-21-1:2019(8.5.2) shall be followed for wind generating unit The testing procedure given in IEC 62109 shall be followed for solar inverter The test shall be carried out IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agency 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

The Unit level model shall be developed as per IEC 61400-27 standards The OEM/IPP/Owner shall validate the mathematical model of unit(solar/wind) for HVRT function based on the test results Certification body shall issue the statement of compliance and type certificate The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time application to the utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level HVRT based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage II: Station Level Compliance Verification The station level(wind/solar) compliance for HVRT shall be verified through simulation The OEM/Owner/IPP shall develop station level(wind/solar) Equivalent Mathematical Model based on the validated model of units(wind/solar) The certification agency shall carryout the independent simulation (if required) using model submitted by OEM/Owner/IPP for HVRT Certification agency shall validate the simulation results of station(wind/solar) and issue the SOC for station based on the simulation The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the simulation results for HVRT support and SOC to the Utility/grid authority at the time of grid connection The utility/grid authority shall verify the simulation results and SOC for compliances 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Power Quality(PQ) Measurement 5(main)(3) The limits of voltage harmonics by the distribution licensee in its electricity system, the limits of injection of current harmonics by bulk consumers, point of harmonic measurement, i.e., point of common coupling, method of harmonic measurement and other related matters, shall be in accordance with the IEEE 519-2014 standards, as amended from time to time Compliance Verification Approach The active power support compliance for generating station(wind/solar) shall be verified by Utility/Grid authority in two stages Stage I: Unit Level Compliance Verification The compliance shall be verified during the type testing process of wind generating unit and solar inverter The testing procedure given in IEC 61400-21-1:2019(8. 2) shall be followed for wind generating unit The testing procedure given in IEC 62109 shall be followed for solar inverter The test shall be carried out IS/ISO/IEC 17025 accredited agency 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

The Unit level model shall be developed as per IEC 61400-21-3 standards The OEM/IPP/Owner shall validate the mathematical model of unit(solar/wind) for PQ function based on the test results Certification body shall issue the statement of compliance and type certificate The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the test report, SOC and type certificate of units(solar/wind) at the time application to the utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the unit level PQ based on the test report, SOC and type certificate issued by certification body for compliance 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Stage II: Station Level Compliance Verification The station level(wind/solar) compliance for PQ shall be verified through simulation The OEM/Owner/IPP shall develop station level(wind/solar) Equivalent Mathematical Model based on the validated model of units(wind/solar) The certification agency shall carryout the independent simulation (if required) using model submitted by OEM/Owner/IPP for PQ Certification agency shall validate the simulation results of station(wind/solar) and issue the SOC for station based on the simulation The OEM/IPP/Owner shall submit the simulation results for PQ support and SOC to the Utility/grid authority The utility/grid authority shall verify the simulation results and SOC for compliances 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Other Requirements sub-clause (5) The generating stations of aggregate capacity of 500 MW and above shall have the provision to receive the signal from the State Load Dispatch Centre or Regional Load Dispatch Centre, as the case may be, for varying active and reactive power output. Approach The utility/grid authority shall evaluate generating station layout (wind/solar) with the park controller at the time project approval. The detailed compliance shall be verified at the time of commissioning. The utility /grid authority shall verify the response of generating station to the instruction SLDC /RLDC. Ref: “Technical Standards for connectivity to the grid” 6th Feb 2019 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Other Requirements Approach sub-clause(8) Short Circuit Ratio at the interconnection point where the generating resource is proposed to be connected shall not be less than 5. Approach The SCR shall not be less than 5 at Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The SCR value shall be verified through in analytical method. The utility shall verify the SCR value at PCC at the time of project approval. The Owner/OEM/IPP of generating station(Wind/Solar) shall submit all the details to the utility/grid authority. Ref: “Technical Standards for connectivity to the grid” 6th Feb 2019 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India

Thank you 30/08/2019 GCC Procedure in India