ANATOMY – AS YOU ENTER 1) Turn your paper in the tray up front – STAPLE YOUR RUBRIC TO THE BACK OF YOUR PAPER 2) Paper is accepted for a -5 penalty until Friday 11/21 3) Paper is accepted for a -10 penalty after break

Summary Review

Summary Review 1) How does novicaine/lidocaine prevent pain? What neuron type does this affect? Blocks sodium channels; Afferent (sensory) 2) Type of neuron in the C.N.S. used to process information and lead to cognition/memory? Interneurons (Association) 3) Type of neuron that sends impulses from C.N.S. to an effector (i.e. reflex response)? Efferent (motor) 4)Identify the neuron structure: a) Receives signals b) Sends signals away from the cell body c) Insulating cover over axon d) Part of axon that releases neurotransmitter a) Dendrite b)Axon C)Myelin Sheath d)Axon terminal

5) Identify the neuroglia: A) Forms myelin sheath in C. N. S 5) Identify the neuroglia: A) Forms myelin sheath in C.N.S. B) Forms myelin sheath in P.N.S. C) Most numerous neuroglia; Supports and nourishes neuron; Forms scar tissue after injury and blood/brain barrier D) Involved in immunity E) Secretes and circulates cerebrospinal fluid A) Oligodendrocytes B) Schwann Cells C) Astrocytes D) Microglial Cells E) Ependymal Cells 6) What do Schwann Cells have that Oligodendrocytes do not? What does this mean for a damaged axon? Schwann cells have a neurolemma which is a special membrane that allows regeneration. This is why Peripheral nerves can slowly regenerate Multiple Sclerosis leads to paralysis because the immune system destroys the myelin sheath which interrupts the sending of signals.

7) a) Two terms that describe a neuron at rest, ready to fire and charge b) Term for a minimum stimulus needed for a neuron to fire and the charge of this stimulus c) Term describing how a neuron cannot fire partially d) What channels open once this is reached e) Term for when the membrane changes to positive and the charge of this f) Term for spreading of the positive charge along the membrane g) What channels open immediately behind this and what term describes this h)Term for how K+ channels stay open dropping the charge below its resting value a) Polarized; Resting membrane potential; -70 mV b) Threshold, -55 mv c) All or none d) Na+ e) Depolarization, +30 mV f) Action potential g) K+; Repolarization h) Hyperpolarization

8) Term for totaling up excitatory and inhibitory signals to determine if a neuron will fire? Summation 9) What must the total signal reach in order for the post-synaptic neuron to fire? -55 mV (threshold) 10) Part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord? C.N.S. 11) Part of the nervous system outside of the CNS? PNS 12) Voluntary part of the PNS (uses skeletal muscle) Somatic

13) Involuntary part of the PNS and brain regions that control it Autonomic; Hypothalamus 14) Autonomic System called “fight or flight” Sympathetic 15) Term that describes the excitatory response Adrenergic 16) Autonomic System called “rest/digest” Parasympathetic 17) Term that describes relaxing response Cholinergic 18) Nerve/Tract structure A) Nerve fibers are called ___ and surrounded by: Axons; Endoneurium B) Bundle of nerve fibers are called ___and surrounded by: Fascicles; Perineurium C) Bundle of fascicle called ___ and surrounded by: Nerve (PNS) or Tract (CNS) ; Epineurium

Label the parts of a neuron

If you have turned in your lab, remain at your seats If you have not finished all parts of the lab, return to your lab groups and complete Remember to complete Self Quiz, including # 16 (on back) Staple as a group and turn in If you have turned in your lab, remain at your seats Complete all unfinished unit work and journals

Journal 1 – (pgs 181-183): Write a summary describing the events leading to a muscle contraction and relaxation. Journal 2 - Read the orange box (pg 214) and describe 2 health conditions produced by neuroglia. Journal 3– Read pg 221 “Factors Affecting Synaptic Transmission” and describe the processes leading to an epileptic seizure and how medications work to prevent it JOURNAL 4 - Write a short summary describing how a neuron sends a signal. Use and underline as many of the following words as you can in your description. Polarized Na+ K+ Threshold Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization Na+/K+ pump All or None Action potential, Summation Facilitation