Biology Do Now 5-1-19 Directions: Take out a sheet of notebook (Do Now sheet). The students will answer each question based on yesterday’s notes on the nitrogen cycle. 1) What is the purpose of the nitrogen cycle? 2) What do living things need to use nitrogen for? (More than 1 answer) 3) What are the 4 stages or processes nitrogen must go through in the nitrogen cycle? 4) What microscopic organism plays a major role in the nitrogen cycle?

Biology Do Now 5-1-19 Key 1) What is the purpose of the nitrogen cycle? The purpose of the nitrogen cycle is to convert nitrogen gas (N2), which cannot be used to make proteins into useful nitrogen compounds like ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxides like NO2 and NO3 which can be used to make proteins by plants and animals. 2) What do living things need to use nitrogen for? (More than 1 answer) Living things need nitrogen to make DNA, RNA & proteins. 3) What are the 4 stages or processes nitrogen must go through in the nitrogen cycle? The 4 stages are nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification and denitrification. 4) What microscopic organism plays a major role in the nitrogen cycle? Nitrogen-fixing and decomposing bacteria play a major role in the nitrogen cycle.

FYI…3-Hour Early Release Day Schedule (~40 min periods) 8:45-9:25 AM Block 1 9:25-10:05 AM Block 2 10:05-10:45 AM Block 3 10:45-11:25 AM Block 4 11:25-12:05  PM Block 5 12:05-12:35 PM LUNCH (Optional) All Students to the Cafeteria &  Dismissal from the building beginning  @12:20 PM.

Reminders & Announcements Testing continues for seniors Senior Finals Week: May 13 – 17, 2019

Objective Students will know how the Earth cycles nitrogen and phosphorus through living and non-living things by taking notes, completing a POGIL on nutrient cycles and answering concept check questions. Mastery Level: 75% or better on POGIL and exit ticket questions

Biogeochemical Cycle Vocabulary Words Water cycle Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Nitrogen cycle Amino acid Protein Nitrogen Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Evaporation Absorption Condensation Precipitation Percolation Groundwater Runoff Root nodules Nitrification Decomposition Phosphorus Excretion Erosion Ingestion

Complete your POGIL, if unfinished. homework

Engage – Nitrogen Cycle & Eutrophication Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZ9b5c8BOT4 Eutrophication Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LAT1gLMPu4

Take out notebook paper to take notes Take out notebook paper to take notes. There are 14 slides of notes and you will get a grade for taking them.

What is Nitrogen? Nitrogen makes up about 78% of our atmosphere. Nitrogen in the atmosphere it is mostly in the form of ______, which is a compound that plants and animals cannot use. The process of converting nitrogen into compounds that can be used by plants and animals is called the ______________________. N2 Nitrogen Cycle Slide 1 of 14

Why we care about nitrogen… Nitrogen is an essential component of _____________________.The building blocks of life. DNA, RNA and Proteins Slide of 14

How does atmospheric nitrogen (N2) get changed into a form that can be used by most living organisms? Four By traveling through one of the ________ processes in the Nitrogen Cycle! (1) Nitrogen Fixation (4) Denitrification Nitrogen Cycle (3) Nitrification (2) Ammonification Slide 3 of 14

Process 1: Nitrogen Fixation ___________________ is the process in which the N2 compound in the atmosphere breaks and combines with other compounds. The nitrogen is _________ when it combines with ______________ or _______________. “fixed” hydrogen oxygen N N H N2 N H H Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Ammonia (NH3) Slide 4 of 14

Three ways to “fix” Nitrogen bacteria Main process: Special ____________ convert the nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia (NH3), which only ________ plants can use (peas, beans). _________________ strikes convert N2 to N2O or NO3. Industrial production. ____________ manipulation turns N2 into NH3 (Fertilizer) some Lightning Chemical Slide 5 of 14

Process 2: Ammonification _____________________ - After all the living organisms have used the ___________________, decomposer bacteria convert the nitrogen to _______________. Ammonification organic nitrogen ammonia H N H H Ammonia Bacteria Slide 6 of 14 Organic Nitrogen (proteins)

Process 3: Nitrification H _______________ is the process that converts ammonia (NH3) into nitrites (NO2) and nitrates (NO3) which ____ plants _______ use. Note: Ammonia comes from ______ nitrogen fixation and ammonification How is it done? _____________________ Nitrification N H H most can Both O O N O N Bacteria! Slide 7 of 14 O O

Process 4: Denitrification _______________: Process in which nitrogen compounds _____________________ into atmospheric nitrogen (N2 or N2O). The main process is performed by _____________________ in the soil. It can also happen by _____________ fossil fuels. Denitrification convert back bacteria burning N2 NO3 N2O Slide 8 of 14

N2 N2O NO3 NH3 (1) Nitrogen Fixation (4) Denitrification Nitrogen Cycle (2) Ammonification NO3 NH3 (3) Nitrification Ammonia is converted to nitrites and nitrates. Nitrates in Soil Organic nitrogen is converted to ammonia.

decomposition by bacteria & fungi Nitrogen in the air nitrogen fixing plant eg pea, clover animal protein plant made protein dead plants & animals urine & feces denitrifying bacteria root nodules (containing nitrogen fixing bacteria) decomposition by bacteria & fungi nitrates absorbed nitrates ammonia bacteria nitrites bacteria (nitrifying bacteria)

Human Impact Combustion Commercial Fertilizers mineral deposits ___________________, releases toxic nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere. ____________________________ release nitrous oxide into the atmosphere and introduce excess nitrogen into the environment. Remove nitrogen from the soil when we mine it for nitrogen rich __________________________. Discharge of ___________________________ releases excess nitrogen into the water ecosystems which disrupts the aquatic balance and kills fish. Commercial Fertilizers mineral deposits municipal sewage Slide 9 of 14

Commercial Fertilizers #1 Are the ______ contributor of new nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle. Added because nitrogen is a ________________ for plant growth. Problems: hard to apply fertilizer and keep it in one area. Runoff, evaporation, etc.. So farmers apply about ___________________ as they need. Extra nitrogen disrupts the ________________. limiting factor twice as much food chain Slide 10 of 14

Phosphorus Cycle The phosphorus cycle may also be referred to as the mineral cycle. The phosphorus cycle is the movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. Phosphorus is mainly found in water, soil, and rock. Phosphorus is essential for life. Component of DNA Building block of our bones and teeth. Slide 11 of 14

Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle Unlike the other cycles, phosphorus cannot be found in air in the gaseous state. The phosphorus cycle is the SLOWEST cycle. Phosphorus is most commonly found in rock formations and ocean sediments as phosphate salts. Phosphate salts that are released from rocks through weathering usually dissolve in soil water and will be absorbed by plants. Slide 12 of 14

Phosphorus Cycle Animals absorb phosphates by eating plants or plant-eating animals. When animals and plants die, phosphates will return to the soils or oceans again during decomposition. After that, phosphorus will end up in sediments or rock formations again, remaining there for millions of years. Eventually, phosphorus is released again through weathering and the cycle starts over. Slide 13 of 14

Human Impacts on the Phosphorus Cycle Like nitrogen, increased use of fertilizers increases phosphorus runoff into our waterways and contributes to eeutrophication. eutrophication. Slide 14 of 14

REMEMBER THIS!!! Most phosphorus is found in rocks and soil. The phosphorus cycle is the slowest cycle. Excess phosphorus contributes to eutrophication.

Phosphorus Cycle Summary Now you have learned about the phosphorus cycle, check it out on the: Phosphorus Cycle Animation

Part I. Exit Ticket Questions 1) Explain the major stages of the water, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. 2) Which cycle is the slowest? 3) Explain the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle. 4) What causes eutrophication and how do the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles play a role in eutrophication? 5) Explain how humans play a role in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.

Part II. Nutrient cycle pogil