A: Changes in percent of predicted following bronchodilator for spirometric and lung volumes variables. A: Changes in percent of predicted following bronchodilator.

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A: Changes in percent of predicted following bronchodilator for spirometric and lung volumes variables. A: Changes in percent of predicted following bronchodilator for spirometric and lung volumes variables. B: Frequency of a positive bronchodilator response (10% or greater change from baseline) in patients with COPD. RV showed the largest change and had the greatest frequency of positive responses. GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. IC = inspiratory capacity. FRC = functional residual capacity. RV = residual volume. TLC = total lung capacity. (From Reference 39, with permission.)‏ Gregg L Ruppel Respir Care 2012;57:26-38 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.