Events Leading to American Independence Essential Questions: How did the French and Indian War alter the political and economic relationship between the colonists and England? How did various colonists organize and protest against this new relationship leading up to the War for Independence?

Bell Ringer Chapter 1 Vocabulary Quiz

1651,1663,1673: The Navigation Acts British Action: Colonial Response: Designed to keep trade in England and support mercantilism Colonists could only trade goods with England All colonial ships must stop in a British harbor before going to another country Colonial Response: Ignored them (profitable to trade with other countries) and continued to smuggle goods from other countries British continued policy of Salutary Neglect (relaxed enforcement of acts in exchange for continued loyalty to the King and to England)

The French and Indian War French empire collided w/ British empire Competing over the Ohio River Valley

British Empire between 1754 & 1763 changed National debt had doubled Daily cost of maintaining empire had increased 5X with more land System of communication with colonies inefficient Resentment towards wealth of some Americans British officers viewed colonists as inferior Colonial desire to expand into Ohio Valley

Britain’s New Policy for Colonial America after the French and Indian War New Policy had three basic objectives: Place the colonies under strict British political and economic control Make the colonies respect and obey British laws Make the colonies pay their part in maintaining the British Empire

Treaty of Paris Proclamation Line of 1763 Britain claimed land east of the Mississippi River Proclamation Line: banned all settlement west of Appalachian Mts. (to ease tensions w/ N.A.) Increased Independent Spirit

Britain’s New Policy for Colonial America Problems with New Policy Colonists had come to expect their freedom as a right (salutary neglect) Parliament had never attempted to raise a revenue in America (internal/direct taxation vs. external/indirect taxation) “no taxation without representation” (virtual representation vs. actual representation)

1764: Sugar Act British Action: Colonial Response: Cut the tax on molasses but raised it on other goods such as textiles, wine, coffee, indigo, and sugar Attempt to monopolize the trade of tea by the British East India Company Strengthened Vice-Admiralty courts Cases decided by a single judge, not a jury Colonial Response: First time a tax had been passed to raise revenue rather than regulate trade Colonial merchants protested the increased duties

1765: Quartering Act British Action: Colonial Response: Purpose to keep troops in the colonies and reduce the cost Colonists had to keep troops in their homes Colonial Response: Colonists did not get along with army and did not want them there permanently

1765: The Stamp Act Colonial Reaction: British Action: Boston’s Sons of Liberty forced their Stamp tax collector (Andrew Oliver) to resign stamp distributors in other colonies harassed Boycotted (a collective refusal to use, buy or deal with) English goods Stamp Act Congress October 1765 issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances (9 legislatures) Helped to unify colonies (Patrick Henry, Va) British Action: Taxed all documents, newspapers, and playing cards by forcing colonists to place a special stamp on the items Direct tax Violators would appear in vice-admiralty courts with no juries

1767: The Townshend Acts British Action: Colonial Reaction Put tax on goods such as paper, glass, paint, and tea Revenue raised would be to pay salaries of British officials in the colonies British seized John Hancock’s ship, Liberty for smuggling Colonial Reaction Organize new boycott of goods Protest “No taxation without representation” Demonstrations and clashes between colonists and soldiers in Boston Soldiers presence enraged colonists in Boston over jobs Women get involved in protests (Daughters of Liberty, “homespun” clothing)

March 5, 1770: The Boston Massacre British redcoats that were guarding the Boston Custom House shot and killed five civilian men Crispus Attucks Engraving by Paul Revere Old State House in background

Obituary—Boston Massacre

Cause and Effect Group Activity You and your group will be given a packet of events that led to the American Revolution. Each packet will contain the following information: Events leading to the Revolution Causes of the events Effects of the events Your goal is to place the events in chronological order and find each events proper cause and effect. Visualize your finished product by laying out all of the events chronologically with their proper cause and effect. Be prepared to share your work with myself and the class and to correct any mistakes as the activity progresses. Once approved, take a picture of your finished diagram to keep as a study guide.

Homework Study for the Colonial Map Quiz