Effects of HDAC2 inactivation on the invasive potential of human gastric cancer cells. Effects of HDAC2 inactivation on the invasive potential of human gastric cancer cells. A, after 48 hours transfection of HDAC2 shRNA, microarray analysis was done as described above. Heatmap of gene expression changes associated with the metastatic potential of cancer cells: green, repressed expression when compared with the control (black). B, motility assay. Assays were conducted by using the Boyden chambers. N, nontransfected cell line (mother cells); R, reagent-only treated cells. The graph shows the average number of cells that migrated based on 3 independent experiments; means ± SDs are given. *, P < 0.01. C, the invasive capabilities of MKN-1 cells and of MKN-1 cells transfected with either scramble siRNA or HDAC2 siRNA were examined by using the Transwell invasion assay. Data are the means ± SDs of 3 independent experiments. *, P < 0.01. The graph shows the average number of cells that migrated during 2 independent experiments. D, in vitro anchorage-independent growth assay. The effect of HDAC2 inhibition on the growths of cell colonies is depicted after 3 weeks of culture. Colony numbers are the means ± SDs of 3 independent experiments. *, P < 0.01. E, tumor aggressiveness-related protein expression in HDAC2 knockdown MKN-1 cells measured by Western blot analysis. α-tubulin and GAPDH served as a loading control. The blot is representative for at least 3 separate experiments. Jeong Kyu Kim et al. Mol Cancer Res 2013;11:62-73 ©2013 by American Association for Cancer Research