LECTURE: GENDER STATISTICS PRODUCTION PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW NATIONAL TRAINING WORKSHOPS WITH PRODUCERS AND USERS OF GENDER STATISTICS 2-4 October 2017, Kampala, Uganda LECTURE: GENDER STATISTICS PRODUCTION PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW Opoku Manu Asare 9/6/2019

What are the requirement for gender statistics production process What are the requirement for gender statistics production process? A synopsis

Rational for gender statistics Realistic basis for all stages of policy making: planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring , reporting and evaluation Shed light on priority gender issues and gender gaps Set targets and benchmarks Track progress

The Beijing Platform for Action Calls on national, regional and international statistical institutions to: Ensure that statistics related to individuals are collected, compiled, analysed and presented by sex and age, and reflect problems, issues and questions related to women and men in society (para. 206 (a)). 6 September 2019

Almost 20 years since, what is new? Issues are defined without regard to gender differences or concerns Little or no interest or obligation to produce data and statistics that reflect variations with respect to gender Analysis, presentation and dissemination of data by sex is not necessarily as a response to data needs but possibly by coincidence 6 September 2019

Components of gender statistics work Identification of issues/topics that represent concerns about gender relations and opportunities, for investigation Selection of statistics to be collected to highlight gender issues in society Formulation of concepts and definitions that adequately reflect the diversities of women and men in society and capture the different aspects of their lives Identification of gender relevant data Reviewing existing sources of data Development of data collection methods that take account stereotypes and social and cultural factors that might produce gender-based biases. Development of analyses and presentation of data that can easily reach policy makers, planners and the largest audience possible. 6 September 2019

Reformulate development issues Identify issues and topics for investigation Reformulate development issues USERS Problems and questions on gender issues in society of statistics Cooperate Needs for improvement of the situations of women and men PRODUCERS of statistics Goals for equal opportunity 6 September 2019

This should lead to identifying gender-sensitive statistics Not merely indicators which have been compiled and presented by sex (although a fundamental requirement); But also reflect the relative levels of and differentials between women and men, girls and boys; Present comparisons within age and socio-economic groups 6 September 2019

Determination of required statistics Identify statistics needed for the issues List the most relevant statistics and indicators Identify available statistics Determine data gaps 6 September 2019

Required statistics reflect the several dimensions Subject matter (topics) Unit of analysis (individual, household, institution, enterprise, etc.) Reference period Classified by other characteristics Geographical coverage Periodicity 6 September 2019

Sources of available statistics National censuses of: population, housing, industry, agriculture, distributive trade, etc. Sample surveys of: households, economic units, land holdings, Civil registration Administrative records 6 September 2019

Utilization of available data Identify available data Review sources of data Generate statistics to be analysed Assess quality of data relative to need Identify new data needs Need for improvements in content, concepts, measurement, classifications 6 September 2019

Adequacy of statistics conditioned by …. Concepts, definitions and methods used Dimensions they reflect Subject matter (topics) Unit of analysis (individual, household, institution, enterprise, etc.) Reference period Classification by other characteristics Geographical coverage Periodicity 6 September 2019

Data gaps and deficiencies (1) Coverage of topics is limited. Data from administrative sources are not regularly compiled and disseminated, national sample surveys are expensive to run and maintain; time series are maintained for only a few surveys. Comprehensiveness of coverage for data obtained from administrative records, including civil registration, is extremely low in many areas. Level of geographical disaggregation for many surveys is still at the national and regional/provincial level, whereas there is much interest in programming at subnational/subregional level. 6 September 2019

Data gaps and deficiencies (2) Consistency of concepts and methods: data collection efforts have tended to be governed by different standards; or do not meet the requirements of users (definition and measurement of work). Timeliness of data: delays in the the release of the results of data collection exercises, or processing of administrative records. Comparability of different source: when the use of different methods and concepts renders the different data collection results incomparable. Accessibility to the data a lot of the available data still not accessible to users. 6 September 2019

For many issues concepts and definition pose difficulties Family/household Household headship Marital status Economic activities Population economically active Status in employment Unemployment 6 September 2019

Data gap Male fertility Unpaid work Time-use School drop-out rates Educational achievement Fields of higher education Access to credit Access to land Informal sector Subsistence agriculture Income control Poverty Individual and household income Violence against women/domestic violence Economic decision-making Decision-making at the local level Decision-making in the household Resource allocation within the household Household composition and structure Diseases and causes of death Internal and international migration 6 September 2019

Review of existing sources of data Suitability of purpose How closely the original purpose for the data matches the present needs If data were collected without regard for gender, it would be necessary to consider that there is: Sex dissagregation Topics of interest are covered at the broad level, as well as at a level of detailed relating to specific gender issues Concepts and definitions are relevant Dissaggregations with respect to age, socio-economic characteristics, geographic locations, etc. Time reference 6 September 2019

Fill data gaps Determine data gaps Investigate possible sources Need for improvements in content, concepts, measurement, classifications Generate statistics to be analysed Collect new data 6 September 2019

Targeting different audiences Enhancing visibility of women and men in statistics Targeting different audiences PRODUCERS of statistics Analysis of data Feedback Cooperate Presentation USERS Dissemination of statistics 6 September 2019

What would you like to know? 6 September 2019

What would you change? 6 September 2019

What does this suggest? 6 September 2019

Quality considerations further limit use of available data 6 September 2019

Back to the statistics production process Defining data requirements Statistics required from various fields Defning issues Relevant statistics/indicators Problems and questions on gender issues in society Dissemination Assembling data Statistics to be analysed Available statistics Data gaps Analysis Required improvements in the situation of women and men Determine data sources Presentation Review quality Other sources Dissemination Goals for equal opportunity Review concepts, methods, classifications, etc. 6 September 2019 Collect new data

Accessibility: Data may be characterized by the following: Required data were collected: Tabulated and published in at least one form (including yearbooks, booklets, diskettes and compact discs) Tabulated but not published (such data can only be obtained from the responsible office by request) May not have been tabulated (data are available in the form of individual records on computer media, such as magnetic tapes, compact discs, or computer diskettes) and can only be obtained by submitting a specific request to the responsible office Data are collected but not processed (i.e., although the relevant questions were asked in surveys/censuses, responses are not coded or extracted from the questionnaires) Data are not collected at all or are not collected by sex 6 September 2019

Components in data quality assessments Validity Reliability Relevance to policy Potential for disaggregation Currency/Punctuality Coherence across different sources Clarity and transparency (regarding limitations) Comparability (conformity to international standards) Consistency and comparability over time and space Applicability of the classifications and disaggregations Accessibility 6 September 2019

Requirements for gender further limits the available data …. What are some of the issues regarding gender and poverty measurements? Unit of measurement Concept and definitions Periodicity Measurement problems How can the data be improved? 6 September 2019

Group discussions For your area of work (gender issues, required statistics) What key variables are needed? What national sources of data are available? Assess the adequacy of the data sources in terms of: Availability of the data Quality of the data Relevance for gender analysis Potential problems with the concepts, classification, accuracy of reporting, etc. 6 September 2019

Concluding Observation and Recommendations Gender statistics are used not only by statisticians and economists hence, the dissemination of gender statistics should be carefully planned and implemented so that all types of users will be able to access and retrieve data and meta-data that they require. Gender statistics should be consolidated in one integrated database under one classification of areas of concern. Methodology should be able to match measurable and equally relevant indicators. Computations of sex-disaggregated indicators from survey results must be done regularly and promptly,

5. The Gender Database should have meta-data including concepts, definitions, units of measure, reference period, date of update, data frequency, among others. 6. Gender issues are better discussed and addressed objectively when more people are engaged and data are available to support economic research, studies and discussions. 7. The gender statistics framework is necessary in producing and using good quality gender statistics. 8. The biggest data gap in gender statistics is at the LGU level. 9. Under Republic Act No. 10625 PSA shall create an Inter-Agency Committees on Gender Statistics by the PSA Board.

In summary… The production of adequate gender statistics Concerns the entire official statistical system as well as different statistical sources and fields Implies the development and improvement of concepts, definitions, classifications and methods. 6 September 2019

Group Discussion -- Needed statistics and indicators (1) Identify statistics and indicators needed for the analysis of this problem and its underlying causes and effects. NOTE: Make sure you list all statistics and indicators needed. Do not restrict your listing to available statistics. (2) Present the statistics and indicators in the following format: For the problem/concern: State the gender issue List statistics and indicators needed (a) (b) (c) etc. 6 September 2019

For consequence/effect: 1. (give the name) (a) (b) (c) etc. For underlying cause: 1. (give the name) (a) (b) (c) etc. 2. (give the name) For consequence/effect: 1. (give the name) (a) (b) (c) etc. 2. (give the name) 6 September 2019

Thank You 6 September 2019