The responsiveness of NF-κB pathway in children with multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies. mDCs were identified in frozen and thawed PBMC samples by multicolor flow cytometry (A). The responsiveness of NF-κB pathway in children with multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies. mDCs were identified in frozen and thawed PBMC samples by multicolor flow cytometry (A). A representative example of high- and low-level NF-κB phosphorylation (pNF-κB) response to IL-1β stimulation is shown. Unstained histograms represent unstimulated samples (B). NF-κB responsiveness was more pronounced among children with β-cell autoimmunity, approaching statistical significance (C). NF-κB responses were somewhat enhanced both in recent-onset T1D patients and in autoantibody-positive children without T1D compared alone with autoantibody-negative control children, although statistical significance was not achieved (D). AAB+, children with multiple β-cell autoantibodies without T1D; AAB−, children without β-cell autoantibodies; sib, sibling; FSC, forward scatter; SSC, side scatter. Janne K. Nieminen et al. Dia Care 2012;35:2303-2310 ©2012 by American Diabetes Association