Fig. 4 Reactive MD simulation showing the origins of chemical and physical effects on friction. Reactive MD simulation showing the origins of chemical.

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Fig. 4 Reactive MD simulation showing the origins of chemical and physical effects on friction. Reactive MD simulation showing the origins of chemical and physical effects on friction. (A and B) Lateral force, (C and D) shear strain of atoms in the silica where the sign indicates direction relative to sliding, and (E and F) number of hydrogen bonds formed between the graphene step edge and the silica, calculated from simulations as a function of center-of-mass position of the tip with respect to the graphene step edge for (A, C, and E) step-up and (B, D, and F) step-down. The normal load applied to the silica tip is 10 nN, and the sliding speed is 10 m/s. The topographic height change measured with the center of mass of the counter surface is shown with dashed lines in (A) and (B) on the secondary y axis. The white and gray background areas are the lower and upper terraces, respectively. The snapshots of the shear strain of atoms in the silica and the hydrogen bonds bridging two surfaces at three locations for both step-up and step-down are also shown. Zhe Chen et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaaw0513 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).