The social life of corvids Nicola S. Clayton, Nathan J. Emery  Current Biology  Volume 17, Issue 16, Pages R652-R656 (August 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.070 Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Alternative routes to sociality in Corvidae. Corvids either evolved social groups based on coloniality (green line, for example, pinyon jays, rooks and jackdaws) or communality (red line, for example, Florida scrub-jays, Alpine choughs and Mexican jays), whereas simpler social systems, such as that displayed by Eurasian jays and Clark's nutcrackers, suggest secondary reduction of social complexity (blue line). Some species, such as carrion crows and western scrub-jays, may display characteristics of a cooperative breeding society in some environmental conditions (dotted orange line). Dark grey circles represent pair territories, whereas light grey circles represent pair home ranges. P, breeding pair; H, non-breeding helper; NH, non-breeding non-helper. (Adapted from Brown (1974).) Current Biology 2007 17, R652-R656DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.070) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Photographs of rook affiliative behaviours. (A) Bill twining or bill holding. (B) Allo-preening. (C) Food sharing. (D) Bowing and fanning display. (Photographs: Chris Bird.) Current Biology 2007 17, R652-R656DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.070) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions