This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child with obstructive lung disease due to cystic fibrosis. This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child.

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DYNAMIC SPIROMETER By Dr. Maha al-Enazy. Objectives To understand the different measurements of lung volume To learn how spirometer works and the different.

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Cystic Fibrosis - Bronchiectasis

Effect of nasal positive expiratory pressure (PEP) on 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance and pre- to post-exercise increase in lung volumes in each individual.

Examples of lung-sounds analysis in 3 patients: one with pneumonia, one with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and one with congestive heart failure.

The patient is being ventilated with 2 types of breaths.

The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.

Airway pressure and flow waveforms during constant flow volume control ventilation, illustrating the effect of an end-inspiratory breath-hold. Airway pressure.

Relationship between the recruited volume and the arithmetic mean of the ratios of lung density at PEEP 15 cm H2O to lung density at PEEP 5 cm H2O (μP15/P5)

Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Note.

Matrix used to calculate the kappa statistic.

Lung simulator diagram of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV): volume (yellow), lung pressure (white), and flow (orange)/time curve. Lung simulator.

Schematic representation of breathing levels during positive expiratory pressure in an obstructed patient. Schematic representation of breathing levels.

Picture of bubble PEP devices.

Regression lines for boys and girls obtained in the present study and those already reported by several authors (for both genders). Regression lines for.

A ventilator and TTL test lung were used to simulate spontaneous breathing. A ventilator and TTL test lung were used to simulate spontaneous breathing.

A) Cumulative count and b) percent cumulative use of the different pulmonary function test (PFT) measures as longitudinal outcomes for systemic sclerosis-associated.

A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway.

Likert-scale agreement ratings regarding the use of extubation readiness parameters by pediatric critical care physicians. Likert-scale agreement ratings.

Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous mandatory ventilation. Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous.

A: Computed tomogram shows bilateral dependent consolidation in a patient with ARDS, as well as ground-glass opacities in the non-dependent lung. A: Computed.

Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, Area Under the Curve, and 95% CIs for the 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 SatSeconds.

Trigger and synchronization windows.

Whisker plot of expiratory pressure-time product: Direct comparison of expiratory pressure-time product (PTPEXP) in face mask versus helmet in all tested.

Receiver operating characteristic ROC curve of Lung Clearance Index (LCI)1/40, LCI1/30, LCI1/20, LCI1/10 and inverse forced expiratory volume in 1 s %

Oral contraceptives improve lung mechanics

Typical pressure-time curves during forced expiration against an occluded airway in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy controls. Typical pressure-time.

Relationship between a) forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEF25–75%) and b) forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%)

Effect of respiratory mechanics on cycling of pressure support from inhalation to exhalation. Effect of respiratory mechanics on cycling of pressure support.

Lung function adjusted for body length and gestational age in male and female premature infants. Lung function adjusted for body length and gestational.

Bland-Altman plots with exhaled VT difference plotted against the mean (displayed and pneumotachograph-measured) with and without sensor for method circuit.

Flow, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure can be used to calculate respiratory system compliance, chest-wall compliance,

We connected the supplemental oxygen supply at 3 places: near the ventilator, near the exhalation valve, and on the nasal mask port. We connected the supplemental.

A: Posteroanterior chest radiograph showing hypertranslucency of the left upper and middle fields with a marked reduction in the peripheral lung markings.

Change in mean pulmonary arterial pressure after a 5-min inhalation of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, with.

A: Optimal cutoff point (circled) at which visual analog scale score categorizes subjects with versus those without bronchial obstruction. A: Optimal cutoff.

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Gamma camera scans showing posterior lung images of 4 adult patients with cystic fibrosis following inhalation of an aerosol containing the radioisotope.

Bronchoscopy images obtained during inspiration (A) and expiration (B) before stent insertion. Bronchoscopy images obtained during inspiration (A) and.

Assembly used to convert a standard ventilator to an intermittent mandatory ventilation circuit. Assembly used to convert a standard ventilator to an intermittent.

A: Changes in percent of predicted following bronchodilator for spirometric and lung volumes variables. A: Changes in percent of predicted following bronchodilator.

Inspiratory time in excess (TIex) with the 10 ventilators tested under 3 conditions: in the absence of leaks and with the NIV algorithm deactivated (L0NIV0),

Negative pressures generated in our airway model.

Change in trigger delay during invasive (A) and noninvasive ventilation (B) with variable leak. Change in trigger delay during invasive (A) and noninvasive.

A: Pressure ulcer on the left cheek of a patient after 1 week of prone positioning using a commercially available endotracheal tube (ETT) holder. A: Pressure.

The cause of asynchrony during volume-targeted ventilation and total asynchrony index. The cause of asynchrony during volume-targeted ventilation and total.

Calculated negative pressure developed in the lung plotted against the outside diameter of the suction catheter to the inside diameter of the airway. Calculated.

Components of a patient-triggered mechanical breath.

FEV1 and FVC for the control group (without noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), NIV with an inspiratory pressure (IPAP) of 15 cm H2O and expiratory pressure.

Correlation between maximum inspiratory pressure and inspiratory load compensation (ILC) ventilatory variables in the 16 difficult-to-wean subjects, prior.

Choosing inhaler therapy for patients with stable COPD based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grouping. Choosing inhaler therapy.

PaO2/FIO2, leukocyte count, and C-reactive protein during the first 10 days after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in subjects with or without early-onset.

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) ABCD scheme for classifying patients with COPD with separate appraisal of air-flow limitation.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) may overlap with any number of pulmonary diseases, including COPD, cystic fibrosis (CF), etc. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Sequence plot visualizing the development of symptom frequency for the cohort at the individual level between 2006 and Sequence plot visualizing.

Inspiratory load compensation responses before and after inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) in the unweaned versus weaned subjects, with a 10.

The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.

Plot of the surface tension (γ) and area.

Experimental setup. Experimental setup. Each tested ventilator was connected to the TTL test lung via a ventilator circuit. An oxygen analyzer, a pressure.

An artificial neural network: a multilayer perceptron.

Boundary graph for prescription flow (Qp) and supply flow (Qs).

For inspiratory load compensation testing, this threshold positive expiratory pressure (PEP) training device was inverted and connected to a respiratory.

Efficiency of aerosol bronchodilator delivery during continuous high-flow system at different CPAP and flow levels. Efficiency of aerosol bronchodilator.

Lung model expiratory CO2 (or PETOv2) representing simulated alveolar CO2 at baseline (no high-flow nasal cannula) and effect on expiratory CO2 at different.

Relationship between the ΔP0. 1/end-tidal CO2 (ΔP0

Difference between mid-frequency ventilation (MFV), volume control continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV), and pressure control CMV (PC-CMV) when frequency.

A: Comparison of pediatric lung transplant survival between different age groups. A: Comparison of pediatric lung transplant survival between different.

Computed tomography image demonstrating bilateral mastoid effusions (left complete [red arrow], right partial [blue arrow]) with left middle ear space.

Minute-by-minute means of breathing variables during the spontaneous breathing trial for the groups of subjects with trial success (n = 32) and failure.

Time taken to perform the Glittre activities of daily living (Glittre ADL) test by severity of COPD obstruction according to Global Initiative for Chronic.

Mean nasopharyngeal pressure during high-flow oxygen therapy, with mouth open or closed. Mean nasopharyngeal pressure during high-flow oxygen therapy,

Presentation transcript:

This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child with obstructive lung disease due to cystic fibrosis. This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child with obstructive lung disease due to cystic fibrosis. The forced expiratory time (FET) is greater than 12 seconds, and yet a plateau is never reached. In this case the FVC will depend on the FET. Since the repeatability of forced expiratory flow during the middle half (FEF25–75) of the FVC maneuver is critically dependent on repeatability of the FVC, changes in the FET after the mandatory 6 seconds will give rise to substantial variability in the FEF25–75. Laura Seed et al. Respir Care 2012;57:61-74 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.