Unit 8 Industrial Revolution Modern World History Unit 8 Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain (early 1700s) Enclosure movement Machines (seed drill) Techniques (crop rotation) Selective breeding (livestock)

Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain 2. Results Larger farms Food production and quality increase Population increase Led to larger cities

Beginning of the Industrial Revolution Industrialization first started in Great Britain Later spread throughout the rest of the world The industrial revolution in the United States was influenced by the War of 1812. Britain blockaded America which forced them to look internally and utilize their own resources

Industrial Revolution B) Industrialization in Great Britain Factors supporting industrialization Natural resources Sources of power (water/coal) Iron ore for tools and machines River systems for transportation

Industrial Revolution Ports for shipping Strong banking system for investment Politically stable government

Industrial Revolution B) Factors supporting industrialization 2. Textile Industry 1st industry to industrialize New inventions help produce cloth quickly 3. Steam Engine Used to power factory machines Used for railroads and steamboats

Industrial Revolution B) Factors supporting industrialization 4. Transportation Railroads and steamboats moved goods and people over long distances Roads were improved

Industrial Revolution B) Factors supporting industrialization Changes brought by transportation: Physical changes—towns developed at railroad stops Economic—quick movement of goods and a variety of new jobs Socially—urbanization (farms to city)

Industrial Revolution C) Negative aspects of industrialization City life Cities just popped up Limited, poor, and unsafe housing Disease due to poor public sanitation Little or no health care Shorter lifespan

Industrial Revolution C) Negative aspects City life Better wages but higher cost of living Capitalism benefited businessmen, financiers, and industrialists Inequalities between working class and peasants Race/ethnic issues increased as people move into the cities

Industrial Revolution C) Negative aspects 2. Factory Dark, dank, dangerous working conditions (machines) 14 hour workday/six days a week Many were killed or injured on the job

Industrial Revolution D) Positive aspects of industrialization Middle class (skilled workers, professionals, business owners, and wealthy farmers) enjoyed comfortable lives and were wealthier than many nobles

Industrial Revolution D) Positive aspects 2. Increased the production of goods and services 3. Countries became wealthy 4. Standard of living increased (better housing, clothing, diets, and health care)

Industrialization Spreads The Industrial Revolution first started in the United States because during the War of 1812. During the war, the British illegally opened fire on an American cargo ship and eventually hung 4 Americans for treason This caused enormous outrage in the US and led to the passing of the Embargo Act of 1807 Embargo Act: ended the import of goods from other countries outside the US and forced the US to increase manufacturing themselves, leading to an increase in industry

Industrialization Spreads United States Geography and natural resources Large population Growth of textile, railroad, and electric industries Eastern and transcontinental railroads open up resources

Industrialization Spreads United States Factories were primarily located in northern states (but diversified) The south was mostly agricultural with a little industry Women join the workforce

Writing Activity As a factory owner during the Industrial Revolution, write a letter to a newspaper justifying working conditions in your factory As a factory worker during the Industrial Revolution, write a letter to a newspaper exposing your horrific working conditions

Industrialization Spreads Belgium First to use British industrial model Had iron, coal, and waterways

Industrialization Spreads Germany Politically divided until late 1800s Used railroads to link manufacturing Rich in coal and iron ore Becomes industrial leader after unification

Industrialization Spreads France Industrialized after 1850 Government built large network of railroads Austria-Hungary and Spain Political and economic problems stopped them from developing

Industrialization Spreads Japan Goal was to modernize and counteract western influence Studied industrialization in Britain, Germany, and America Used railroads and factories to build military Modeled military and education systems after Western nations

Worldwide Effects Industrialized countries Had more wealth and power Became imperial powers Used non-industrialized lands for resources and markets for goods

Worldwide Effects 2. Urbanization Workers move from farms to cities Middle class consisted of professionals, small business people, merchants, small manufactures and service providers Growth of middle class changes social class structures

Worldwide Effects Urbanization Profited from expanding markets and wealth Protected profits Improved standard of living Wages fluctuated

Worldwide Effects Urbanization Population increased (labor) Increased market demand for manufactured products Business invests capital in technology and organization to supply more goods to growing markets

Worldwide Effects Non-industrialized Countries Lacked political, economic, and social features to industrialize

Worldwide Effects Market Economy Prices are set freely by the law of supply and demand Little or no interference from gov’t (laissez faire) Global demand for goods increased Sought new markets

Worldwide Effects Socialism Karl Marx Positive: Negative: Equality Negative: can lead to corruption Lack of freedom Karl Marx Leader of Communist movement Wrote “Communist Manifesto”

REVIEW What were two reforms/improvements made to the agriculture industry? What did those improvements lead to? What factors supported industrialization (resources, transportation, etc.) in England? Name a few of the negative aspects of city life during industrialization? Name a few of the positive aspects of city life during industrialization?

REVIEW 6) What war influenced the beginning of the American industrial revolution? How so? 7) What role did railroads play in the American industrial revolution? 8)What is stock? 9) What is a corporation? 10) Name the industry that played a major role in the revolution. 11) How did the industrial revolution impact the world balance of power? 12) What is imperialism? How did it come about?

REVIEW 13) What does laissez faire mean? 14) What type of economy is laissez faire typically associated with? 15) What would be a benefit/negative aspect of socialism? 16) Who was Karl Marx and what did he write?