Cost-effectiveness model of endoscopic screening and surveillance in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease  Lauren B. Gerson, Peter W. Groeneveld, George Triadafilopoulos  Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Volume 2, Issue 10, Pages 868-879 (October 2004) DOI: 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00394-5 Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The Markov model showing possible transitions between health states. Circular arrows represent states in which a patient can remain permanently. Patients cycle between transition states until death occurs. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 868-879DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00394-5) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Incremental cost versus life-years gained. Number of life-years is expressed as gain in life-years over the base-case strategy. a = no screening, low treatment intensity; b = no screening, moderate treatment intensity; c = surveillance for dysplasia, low treatment intensity; d = surveillance for dysplasia, moderate treatment intensity; e = surveillance for nondysplasia, low treatment intensity; f = surveillance for dysplasia, moderate to high treatment intensity; g = surveillance for nondysplasia, moderate treatment intensity; h = surveillance for dysplasia, high treatment intensity; i = surveillance for nondysplasia, moderate treatment intensity; j = surveillance for nondysplasia, high treatment intensity. The line represents the line of optimality between data points. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 868-879DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00394-5) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Results from 1-way sensitivity analysis. Parameters associated with the greatest variation in the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios include age at time of screening, cost of endoscopy, and resectability of esophageal cancer. PDT, photodynamic therapy; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 868-879DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00394-5) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Effect of age of screening endoscopy on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004 2, 868-879DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00394-5) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions