Immunohistochemical staining for FOXO3a of breast cancer tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical staining for FOXO3a of breast cancer tumor tissues. A, tumor tissue sample obtained from breast cancer patients before and 4 wk after treatment with gefitinib were stained with FOXO3a antibody. Control group of patients received no treatment between primary biopsy and subsequent surgical tumor resection. In the control group, cytoplasmic staining can be observed in both pre- and post-cases, whereas in the gefitinib-treated group, cytoplasmic staining in pretreatment cases changes to predominantly nuclear staining after treatment (post; magnification, ×200). B, statistical analysis using a mixed-design ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test revealed significant increase in FOXO3a nuclear staining intensity with a concomitant decrease in cytoplasmic staining after gefitinib treatment, whereas no such changes were observed in the control group. Janna Krol et al. Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6:3169-3179 ©2007 by American Association for Cancer Research