Negative pressures generated in our airway model.

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Anesthes. 2010;113(4): doi: /ALN.0b013e3181ef6757 Figure Legend:
The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.
Mask fit process. Mask fit process. The mask fit process begins with 3-dimensional surface images of the subject's face (A). Three-dimensional scans are.
Trigger pressure-time product (PTP) with zero pressure support, with no leak, medium leak, and large leak. Trigger pressure-time product (PTP) with zero.
Relationship between the recruited volume and the arithmetic mean of the ratios of lung density at PEEP 15 cm H2O to lung density at PEEP 5 cm H2O (μP15/P5)
Spearman rank correlation between absolute humidity and the patient's core temperature with the Humid-Heat device. Spearman rank correlation between absolute.
Schematic illustration of upper airway anatomical dead space volume (VD) during unidirectional breathing. Schematic illustration of upper airway anatomical.
Matrix used to calculate the kappa statistic.
Lung simulator diagram of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV): volume (yellow), lung pressure (white), and flow (orange)/time curve. Lung simulator.
The Arndt endobronchial blocker, one of the commercially available endobronchial blockers for lung isolation. The Arndt endobronchial blocker, one of the.
Picture of bubble PEP devices.
Suction pressure variation in different ETT sizes: model airway pressures are recorded as described in figure 3 using both bronchoscopic and closed catheter.
Cuff-pressure changes after the addition of 5 mL and 10 mL of air into the cuff of 3 artificial airways, after initial baseline of 30 cm H2O established.
A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway.
At time zero, a water column of 10 cm H2O was poured above the tested endotracheal tube (ETT) cuffs. At time zero, a water column of 10 cm H2O was poured.
A 13-month-old subject had a deep tissue injury on the nose bridge when a nasal mask was used as a full face mask. A 13-month-old subject had a deep tissue.
Likert-scale agreement ratings regarding the use of extubation readiness parameters by pediatric critical care physicians. Likert-scale agreement ratings.
Representative example of the use of a fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) to guide intubation through a supraglottic airway device. Representative example of.
Example airway pressure and rib-cage impedance in a premature infant supported with the biphasic mode of SiPAP (“sigh” positive airway pressure) from the.
Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous mandatory ventilation. Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous.
A: The Parker Flex-Tip tube (left) has a flexible tip pointing toward the center of the distal lumen. A: The Parker Flex-Tip tube (left) has a flexible.
Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, Area Under the Curve, and 95% CIs for the 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 SatSeconds.
Representative tracings of transcutaneous CO2 (PtcCO2), Spo2, and heart rate during an apnea test designed to raise Paco2 to 100 mm Hg. At baseline, PtcCO2.
Comparison of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) (blue curve) and biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) (black curve). Comparison of airway.
Trigger and synchronization windows.
Typical pressure-time curves during forced expiration against an occluded airway in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy controls. Typical pressure-time.
Example of Aerogen Solo Nebulizer before use with a fill volume of 3 mL normal saline (arrow 1) (A); the same nebulizer after random premature cessation.
Flow, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure can be used to calculate respiratory system compliance, chest-wall compliance,
Negative pressures calculated with the Rosen and Hillard formula
We connected the supplemental oxygen supply at 3 places: near the ventilator, near the exhalation valve, and on the nasal mask port. We connected the supplemental.
Manual ventilation versus open suction procedure.
Change in mean pulmonary arterial pressure after a 5-min inhalation of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, with.
Gap size differences between the fiberoptic bronchoscope and a standard endotracheal tube (ETT) are shown. Gap size differences between the fiberoptic.
Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for both the training and testing data sets based on a number of hidden-layer perceptrons.
Process control chart of the mean monthly time between emergency department assessment/bronchodilator treatment and emergency department discharge. Process.
The Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a small plastic cylinder that attaches to a face mask. The Boussignac continuous positive.
A: Optimal cutoff point (circled) at which visual analog scale score categorizes subjects with versus those without bronchial obstruction. A: Optimal cutoff.
Blind intubation through a supraglottic airway device (SAD), in this case, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Fastrach. Blind intubation through a supraglottic.
Electron microscopy of bronchial mucosa biopsy.
This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child with obstructive lung disease due to cystic fibrosis. This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child.
A: Pressure ulcer on the left cheek of a patient after 1 week of prone positioning using a commercially available endotracheal tube (ETT) holder. A: Pressure.
Experimental setup of particle distribution using the 8-stage Andersen cascade impactor and in vitro module using an absolute filter. Experimental setup.
The esophageal balloon catheter is advanced to approximately 60 cm, so the catheter tip is in the stomach, confirmed by gently compressing the abdomen,
Calculated negative pressure developed in the lung plotted against the outside diameter of the suction catheter to the inside diameter of the airway. Calculated.
Flow, airway pressure, and transversus abdominis electromyogram (EMG) waveforms from a mechanically ventilated patient with COPD receiving pressure-support.
Plots of alveolar PO2, hemoglobin saturation, and alveolar PCO2 as a function of alveolar ventilation in a normal subject at sea level (inspired oxygen.
The visual sputum suctioning system.
Impact of craniofacial anomaly on face mask-related skin compromise.
Frequency distribution of clinical trials involving first-generation and second-generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs). Frequency distribution of.
PaO2/FIO2, leukocyte count, and C-reactive protein during the first 10 days after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in subjects with or without early-onset.
A: Work of breathing before and after nebulized terbutaline delivered via standard nebulization method versus delivered during continuous positive airway.
Sequence plot visualizing the development of symptom frequency for the cohort at the individual level between 2006 and Sequence plot visualizing.
The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.
Representative tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f) patterns of subjects with COPD and normal subjects during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Double lumen endotracheal tube (DLET) with its upper channel dedicated to fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and lower channel exclusively dedicated to ventilation.
Plot of the surface tension (γ) and area.
Experimental setup. Experimental setup. Each tested ventilator was connected to the TTL test lung via a ventilator circuit. An oxygen analyzer, a pressure.
Progression of spontaneous breathing trials administered during inspiratory muscle strength training study interventions. Progression of spontaneous breathing.
Boundary graph for prescription flow (Qp) and supply flow (Qs).
For inspiratory load compensation testing, this threshold positive expiratory pressure (PEP) training device was inverted and connected to a respiratory.
Efficiency of aerosol bronchodilator delivery during continuous high-flow system at different CPAP and flow levels. Efficiency of aerosol bronchodilator.
Difference between mid-frequency ventilation (MFV), volume control continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV), and pressure control CMV (PC-CMV) when frequency.
Percent of extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) babies alive and off mechanical ventilation at 7 days, and median days on mechanical ventilation for ELBW.
Fentenyl and lorazepam use for the first 5 d of ventilatory support are presented. Fentenyl and lorazepam use for the first 5 d of ventilatory support.
Computed tomography image demonstrating bilateral mastoid effusions (left complete [red arrow], right partial [blue arrow]) with left middle ear space.
Minute-by-minute means of breathing variables during the spontaneous breathing trial for the groups of subjects with trial success (n = 32) and failure.
Setup of the BiPAP Synchrony with an inspiratory filter and single-limb passive circuit, with the filter placed over the fixed leak to collect aerosol.
Mean nasopharyngeal pressure during high-flow oxygen therapy, with mouth open or closed. Mean nasopharyngeal pressure during high-flow oxygen therapy,
Effects of an automated endotracheal-tube-compensation system on a pressure-support breath. Effects of an automated endotracheal-tube-compensation system.
Presentation transcript:

Negative pressures generated in our airway model. Negative pressures generated in our airway model. The triangles indicate the recommended ratio of suction catheter outer diameter to endotracheal tube inner diameter, based on an area/volume ratio of 50% and a diameter ratio of 70%. Since we did not study endotracheal tube (ETT) half-sizes (eg, 6.5 mm), we make no recommendation regarding the 7 French and 5 French suction catheters. Christopher J Russian et al. Respir Care 2014;59:32-38 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.