Introduction to Open Education Opensource.com Flickr Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/6555466069/ Introduction to Open Education

First, a video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya7aW8BRPTM

Open Education Open education is a philosophy about the way people should produce, share, and build on knowledge. Proponents of open education believe everyone in the world should have access to high- quality educational experiences and resources, and they work to eliminate barriers to this goal. https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-education

Open Education The technology we use today allows us to: share our own educational materials freely and extend our reach for teaching and educating others find & use existing free high-quality educational materials that meet our own instructional goals and the needs of our students build upon the works of others to enhance the quality of existing teaching and learning materials

Barriers to Open Education Barrier to Sharing and Reusing Materials Copyright – All Rights Reserved Solution: Creative Commons – Some Rights Reserved Openly licensed teaching and learning materials

Open Educational Resources Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation: http://www.hewlett.org/programs/education-program/open-educational- resources Focus on Free Open Educational Resources

Reuse – Permission to make and reuse exact copies Free Access + Free Permissions - The 5 R’s Open licenses provides at least 2 kinds of permissions: Reuse – Permission to make and reuse exact copies Redistribute – Permission to share copies with others  Open should also provide these additional permissions:  Revise – Permission to change, adapt, and alter the resource Remix – Permission to combine the OER with other materials to produce a new work Retain – Users have the right to make, archive, and “own” copies of the content Free Access + Free Permissions David Wiley - http://opencontent.org/blog/

OER Types of OER Courses Modules Learning Objects Textbooks Videos Test Banks Images Types of OER

Open Access to OER Learning Materials LibreTexts Open Access to OER Learning Materials

COOL4Ed Faculty Showcase demonstration http://www.cool4ed.org/index.html

Impact of Textbook Costs on Students The findings suggest that the cost of textbooks is negatively impacting student access to required materials (66.6% did not purchase the required textbook) and learning (37.6% earn a poor grade; 19.8% fail a course). Time to graduation and/or access is also impacted by cost. Students reported that they occasionally or frequently take fewer courses (47.6%); do not register for a course (45.5%); drop a course (26.1%), 2016 or withdraw from courses (20.7%). Florida Student Textbook Survey Florida Virtual Campus. (2016). 2016 Florida Student Textbooks and Course Materials Survey. Tallahassee, FL: Author. Retrieved from http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2016_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

Quality Question Open Textbook Quality Varies As with traditionally published resources No perfect textbook Peer Reviews Open Textbook Library, https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/ Textbook Selection Faculty sometimes select a textbook then build a course around the book Open textbooks can be adapted and edited to fit the learning objectives and goals for a course

Efficacy and Perceptions of OER Students who use OER tend to do as well or better than their peers using traditional textbooks in terms of course completion and passing rates. Literature indicates that open textbooks are connected with high student and faculty satisfaction, lower costs, and similar or better educational outcomes. Hilton, J. (2016). Open educational resources and college textbook choices: a review of research on efficacy and perceptions. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64(4). pp 573–590.  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11423-016-9434-9

The Open Education Group An interdisciplinary research group that (1) conducts original, rigorous, empirical research on the impact of OER adoption on a range of educational outcomes and (2) designs and shares methodological and conceptual frameworks for studying the impact of OER adoption. http://openedgroup.org The Open Education Group

Moving From Open Content to Open Education in Practice Open Pedagogy Open Educational Practices OER-Enabled Pedagogy Debate/Discussion in OER Community as to what these terms mean

OER-Enabled Pedagogy OER-enabled pedagogy is the set of teaching and learning practices only possible or practical when you have permission to engage in the 5R activities. David Wiley https://opencontent.org/blog/

Open Educational Practice Considerations Content and resources adhere to the 5Rs Access to the materials freely available Users must have the tools, skills, and an Internet connection to access the resources ADA compliance Formats that can be used by everyone Accessibility: What about the materials that you create or use that are digital resources only and only available online? Do your students, all of them, have access to these materials? You might think that all of your students have access to a laptop, smart phone or a tablet. If they don’t are there arrangements available for those students to access these materials from campus or other location? Just something to consider as you think about your approaches to course redesign to include or use OERs.

Open Educational Practice Considerations Learning Environments - Are your students entirely at a distance, face-2-face, or a blended/hybrid approach? Can students generate work that can also be contributed to the open community? OER-Enabled Pedagogy Examples http://openedgroup.org/oer-enabled- pedagogy

Open Educational Practice Building Communities of Contributors Invite students to participate in creating materials that can be contributed to the commons Course assignments in which students update or adapt OER, create OER for future students in the course Writing op-ed pieces or annotating readings on the open web 

Disposable Assignments Students spend hours working on an assignment/essay/project Submits it to one person Only instructor will read it Instructor provides written formative feedback and returns back to student How many of them actually read the feedback? Student throws away the assignment https://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2975

Renewable Assignment Example “Why have students just answer questions when they can write them?” Dr. Rajiv Jhangiani, Kwantlen Polytechnic Students were asked to write 4 questions each week, 2 factual (e.g., a definition or evidence-based prediction) and 2 applied (e.g., scenario-type). For the first two weeks they wrote just one plausible distractor and the instructor, Dr. Rajiv Jhangiani, provided the question stem, the correct answer, and 2 plausible distractors). They also peer reviewed questions written by 3 of their (randomly assigned) peers. https://thatpsychprof.com/why-have-students-answer-questions-when-they-can-write-them/

Renewable Assignment Example For the next two weeks, they wrote two plausible distractors (the rest of the procedure was the same). For the next two weeks, they wrote all 3 plausible distractors (the rest of the procedure was the same). For the remainder of the semester, they wrote the stem, the correct answer, and all the distractors. Result - class of 35 students wrote 1400 questions in the span of 10 weeks!

ChemWiki: Crowdsourced Materials ChemWiki LibreText - https://chem.libretexts.org Some content comes from existing open resources, and the rest is created from scratch by students, professors and outside experts.   Crowd-sourced review structure Anyone with an editable account can fix mistakes instantly, and everyone else can point out mistakes through a feedback function.

Noba Project: Modular Materials The Noba catalog covers the traditional scope of introductory psychology and then some. Providing instructors with a platform to customize educational content to better suit their curriculum Presenting free, high-quality material written by a collection of experts and authorities in the field of psychology http://nobaproject.com

Noba Student Video Competition Annual video competition Ask students across the world to produce 2-3 minute instructional videos that provide overviews of particular psychological theories or concepts Videos that win are uploaded and shared Students are recognized for their work Instructors then use the videos

Why Open Matters OER provide a means for Cost savings Access Student retention and success By using OER, Open Pedagogy (OER-enabled pedagogy) helps to achieve the goal that everyone in the world should have access to high quality educational experiences and resources

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