King Cotton and The Peculiar Institution

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Presentation transcript:

King Cotton and The Peculiar Institution

The “Profitability” Issue Many thought that slavery had reached its peak Tobacco depleted soil Shift to wheat and corn Agricultural land reached limits

The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom 1793 Invention of Cotton Gin Could be grown anywhere south of Virginia and Kentucky Westward expansion helps cotton Enough work to be done year-round

King Cotton Northern demand ¾ of world’s cotton comes from US south Single commodity accounted for over half the total dollar value of American exports

The Second Middle Passage

Slave Distribution 75% of white southerners were non-slaveholders Minority controlled the majority Most slaves lived on a large plantation Slaveholders controlled 93.1 percent of wealth

Yeoman farmers Increasing consolidation of land -> many kicked off and had to sell land Often rented slaves or worked side-by side with them Didn’t participate in market revolution – isolated Why did poor southern whites support an institution that they did not benefit from?

Positive Good Paternalism Bible/religious defense Racism/Inferiority

Southern culture “cottonocracies” Southern states were oligarchies few had the money and leisure time for politics and statesmanship Limited tax-supported schooling or other public services Yeoman women “inferior” to northern women Southerners felt they were surrounded by “enemies” Southern nationalism arose

Impact of slavery on South Soil erosion lack of diversification few cities and little infrastructure lack of education social stratification Arguably anti-capitalist Rampant speculation in land and slaves At the mercy of foreign markets All money went North

Slave Culture Local laws make respect for master mandatory “chattel slavery” depends on dehumanizing slaves Rebellion maintains dignity Free blacks in the South (250,000)