Introduction to Compounds

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Compounds

What is a compound? A compound is a substance in which the atoms of 2 or more elements are combined in a fixed ratio They can only be separated using chemical reactions Represented using chemical formulas Examples: CO2 = carbon dioxide C12H22O11 = sucrose (table sugar) C3H7OH = isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol)

The properties of the compound differ from the properties of the elements forming them because you are changing their electron structure. Example: Forming table salt Sodium (Na) a very reactive metal Chlorine (Cl) a pale yellow poisonous gas very reactive halogen Sodium Chloride = NaCl white unreactive crystal

Why do atoms form compounds? Atoms form compounds to become stable. Stable = unreactive (inert) Electron arrangement of Noble Gases (Group 18) Two Methods to Achieve electron stability: Atoms can transfer valence electrons. One atom loses, another atom gains. Ionic Compounds (salts) are formed. Atoms can share pairs of valence electrons. Molecular Compounds (molecules) are formed. Valence Electrons: e- located in outermost occupied energy level of atom

Properties of Ionic Compounds Usually formed by a metal w/ one or more nonmetals. Composed of ions = charged atom Solid, crystal appearance @ room temp. Hard and brittle High MP due to strong crystal structure High solubility in H20. (dissolves well) They are electrolytes = forms ions in solution and conducts electricity when dissolved or in liquid state.

Crystal Structure

Pictures of Crystal

Crystal Structure of NaCl

Forming Ions in Solution

Properties of Molecular Compounds Formed by all nonmetals. Composed of molecules = a neutral chemically bonded group of atoms that act as a unit. Can be a solid, liquid or gas @ room temp.; lacks crystal appearance Low MP due to weak intermolecular forces. Low solubility in water. They are nonelectrolytes.

Model of a Molecule