© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 1 The Animal Science Industry

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Learning Targets Explain the history of the domestication of animals. List the uses of domestic animals. Describe the animal industry in the United States. Identify trends in the animal industry.

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. What is Animal Science? The scientific study of animals for work, food, medicine, companionship, and other consumer goods. Care, management and production of domestic animals

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal Science Historically, animal science implied the study of farm animals. Today, covers all domestic animals. –Livestock –Poultry –Companion animals –Captive animals

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal Science Includes production, use, and care of animals Historically implied the study of farm animals Covers all domestic animals Livestock and poultry production are most important industries within animal science

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal Science (cont.) Exotic animals Non-traditional livestock and poultry animals used for production of food and fiber Companion animals Cats, dogs, and other animals kept for pleasure and entertainment

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal Science (cont.) Captive animals Non-domestic animals kept in zoos and private parks Industry includes products and equipment

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Animal Science Industry Products and equipment Can range from leashes and collars to complex machinery Feed and feed additives Control and prevent disease, enhance growth, improve feed efficiency

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Animal Science Industry (cont.) Biological products Vaccines, bacterins, antitoxins Research leads to development of new medicines and medical procedures Pharmaceuticals Disease control and prevention Overall health care for animals and humans

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Domestication of Animals Bringing animals under the control of humans Began when early humans made contact with wild animals Breeds developed as humans selected animals with the most desirable characteristics

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Domestication After animals become domesticated, they become dependent on man Most can’t survive in wild Most poultry can’t fly Sheep don’t shed wool Cows produce 20,000 lbs milk / year Birds produce 250 eggs / yr. (20 in wild)

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal Use as Food Meat - (muscle tissue) Beef, Pork, Lamb, Goat, Poultry Milk - inexpensive source of protein –cheese, ice cream, yogurt Eggs - pastries, mayonnaise, custards

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal By-Products Bones – –buttons, glue, mineral supplement for livestock feed (Calcium) Fat – –chemicals, salves, creams, dressings, lubricants, soaps, food Glands – –medicines, food additives

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal By-Products Collagen – –(connective tissue in joints) glue & gelatin Intestinal & Stomach tissue – –lunch meats, surgical sutures, strings for musical & sports instruments (contents = fertilizer)

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Livestock Production of livestock and poultry are most important industries in animal science Involves the science and business of producing, processing, marketing of… –Meat –Dairy foods –Eggs –By-products

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Non-traditional Livestock Exotic animalsCompanion animals Bison Llamas Ostriches Quail 20/teton_mountain_ranch.htmhttp:// 20/teton_mountain_ranch.htm Cats Dogs Reptiles Amphibians birds

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Cattle Modern cattle descend from both Bos taurus (breed of cattle originating in Europe and the British Isles) and Bos indicus (breed of cattle originating in India and Africa) Mentioned in records at least 4000 years old.

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Swine Modern breeds of swine were derived from European wild boar (Sus scrofa) and East Indian pig (Sus vittatus) Over 30 breeds are common in the United States today Only about 8 breeds contribute to commercial production

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Swine Chinese were the first to domesticate the swine. Corn belt states now produce large numbers.

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sheep Among the first domesticated animals Have long been used for fiber, meat, and milk Spain and England were major sheep producers.

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sheep Early 1800’s, the northeast US was center of production. Center of the sheep-producing industry is now in the western United States

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Goats Along with sheep, one of the first domesticated livestock species Believed to be descended from wild goats found in Asia Minor, Persia, and other countries Considered multi purpose animals Used for milk, fiber, and meat

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Horses Evolved from Eohippus Approximately one foot tall and lived in swamps about 58 million years ago First domestication was probably in Central Asia or Persia before 3000 BC

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Horses (cont.) Oxen were main draft animal of colonists; horses were pack animals and for riding Today most U.S. horses used for riding and racing

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Poultry Chickens have been domesticated for at least 3500 years Modern system of poultry and egg farming developed in the 1900s

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Poultry Wild jungle fowl of India (Gallus gallus) thought to be ancestor of most domestic chickens Renewed opportunity for small-scale producers in growing demand for cage-free eggs and free- range chickens

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification of Animals Living things classified from broadest to most specific Kingdom Phylum (or division) Class Order Family Genus Species

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification of Animals (cont.) Kingdom Five major Plantae (Plants) and Animalia (Animals) are the largest Phylum Phylum Chordata – animals with a backbone Phylum Vertebrata – animals with a backbone or skeleton

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification of Animals (cont.) Class mammalia Four-chambered hearts Warm-blooded Diaphragm Hairy bodies Bear live young

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification of Animals (cont.) Class Aves Birds Four-chambered hearts Warm-blooded Covered in feathers Lay eggs

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification of Animals (cont.) Order Each class has at least one but most have multiple ex. Carnivore (dogs, cats, etc.) Family ex. Canidae (dogs)

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification of Animals (cont.) Genus ex. Canis (wolves, coyotes, domestic dogs) Species Varieties, breeds, or strains ex. Bulldog, dalmatian, great dane

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Uses of Animals Converting feed into food Non-ruminants and ruminants Clothing Power Recreation and companionship Minor uses: fertilizer, fuel By-products Medical research

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Trends in Animal Agriculture Production and consumption Meat consumption is at a record high Pets Spending on pets includes pet insurance, medications, toys, clothing, health care, and pet foods Hybrid pets

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Animal Welfare and Animal Rights Animal welfare supporters Emphasize humane treatment of animals in research and production agriculture Animal rights activists Most advocate total elimination of all animal use by humans Many think animals should have same rights as humans

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Government Regulation United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Government Regulation (cont.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Summary Domestication of animals played an important role in development of civilization Animals are classified by physical characteristics and function Animals have many useful functions Consumers, activists, and government all affect animal industries