Bellwork: 2/25 Put your phone up  Week 2/25 - 3/1 How was your rodeo break? What did Gregor Mendel discover about genes and traits? Have you ever done Punnett squares?

Today: Part 2 Notes

Materials Unit Book

This Week: Monday: Part 2 Notes Tuesday: Part 3 Notes & Practice Wednesday: Practice & Class Activity Friday: Monster Genetics

Homework None 

Unit V: Mendelian Genetics

Part II: Gregor Mendel

Vocab Trait: specific characteristic (hair color, eye color, height, etc…) Hybrid: offspring of crosses between parents with different traits Purebred: offspring of crosses between parents with same traits or from asexual reproduction Heredity: Passing of genes from one generation to another

Vocab Genetics: Scientific Study of Heredity Gene: Chemical factors that determine traits (found on chromosomes) Allele: Different forms of a gene

Gene vs. Allele Gene: Hair color Allele: Brown, Blonde, Red

Gregor Mendel 19th Century Austrian Monk Worked in Monastery gardens in the Czech Republic Using garden peas, he changed biology forever https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWt1RFnWNzk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2UuSLDvPZnU

Mendel’s Peas Mendel joined male & female reproductive cells from two different pea plants This is known as cross-pollination Mendel cross-bred plants with different characteristics to study the results

Genes Mendel studied 7 different pea plant traits Ex: seed color, plant height Discovered that biological inheritance is determined by factors that are passed from one generations to another These “factors” that are passed on are called genes (example: seed color)  Also discovered that these genes occur in different forms These ”different forms” are called alleles (example: green)

Mendel’s Laws of Heredity Rule of Dominance: Some alleles are DOMINANT and others are RECESSIVE An organism with a DOMINANT allele for a particular trait will always exhibit that trait An organism with a RECESSIVE allele for a particular trait will only exhibit that trait if the dominant allele is not present

Mendel’s Laws of Heredity Rule of Dominance: Dominant Allele: Tall Plant, Yellow Seed Recessive Allele: Short Plant, Green Seed

Mendel’s Laws of Heredity 2. Law of Segregation In most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has TWO copies of each gene - one from each parent These genes are segregated from each other when gametes (sex cells) are formed

Mendel’s Laws of Heredity 3. Law of Independent Assortment The alleles for different genes usually segregate INDEPENDENTLY of one another

Answer Questions in Note Guide