Cellular and mobile communications (GSM, 3G and 4G (LTE)) BY ALTOYAN, SULAIMAN KHALID AL-SHUAIBI, AHMAD ABDUL-MUNEM AL-GHAMDI, HUSAM HUSSAIN

INTRODUCTION Mobile communication refers to the conversation established between two users at two different places with their hand held equipment. Initially the focus of mobile communication was towards voice but later it also dealt with data. Today cellular phones provide many services. That includes electronic mail, internet access, short message service, electronic address book, games, and calculator. Further research is in process to attract people toward commercial product.

GSM services

What does (GSM) means? Global System for Mobile Communications.

The GSM standard was developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks.

Network structure The network is structured into a number of discrete sections: The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and their controllers). The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is sometimes also just called the core network. The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections). The Operations support system (OSS) for maintenance of the network.

Some types of GSM antenna

GSM carrier frequencies GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges: Separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G. The most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

Advantages Of GSM GSM, or Global System for Mobile communications, is one of several types of cellular technology. GSM allows for voice and data transmissions across several frequencies, and supports cellular devices from basic to smartphones. One of the most popular cellular services, GSM service is available across almost 80 percent of the world.

3G services

3G NETWORK DEFENITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 3G stand for SPEED (You get to have faster connectivity) High quality (music entertainment with better quality) DISADVANTAGES Power consumption is high Requires closer base stations and are expensive

DIFFERENCE IN SPEED

４G services

4G: the basics 4G stands for fourth generation of mobile networks LTE (Long Term Evolution) a type of 4G technology

4G LTE aims to offer users faster, more reliable mobile broadband internet for devices like smartphones, tablets and laptops 4G is around five times faster than existing 3G services. Theoretically it can provide download speeds of up to 100Mbps and a blistering 50Mbps for upload but you won't achieve this in real-world use This makes 4G is more than twice as fast as the latest 3G technology

Reasons 4G is faster than 3G 1- OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing ) OFDM is a technique for squeezing more data onto the same amount of radio frequency. It also reduces latency and interference. Data is split up and sent via small chunks of frequency in parallel, therefore increasing the capacity of the network

Reasons 4G is faster than 3G 2- MIMO (Multiple-input and multiple-output) It is simply the use of multiple antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. The most common configuration currently is a 2x2 MIMO, found in many smartphones and some tablets. A 4x4 setup is also possible and promises even faster speeds but is still a little way off making its

advantages of 4G The faster speeds mean websites load quicker, and that you'll be able to stream videos and podcasts without first waiting for them to buffer. Apps which need to download data, such as maps, will work more smoothly, especially when zooming in or out as this generally requires a lot of data.

disadvantages of 4G If your phone's 4G modem doesn't work on the same frequencies as those used in the country you're visiting, then you'll have to live with 3G instead.

SPEED OF 4G IN K.S.A

References http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/features/mobile-phone/3403880/what-is-4g-complete-guide/ http://www.saudimac.com/ar/2012/11/iphone-5-will-support-zain-saudi-4g-lte/ http://www.careerride.com/3g-advantages-and-disadvantages.aspx http://acer--uk.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/2998/~/general-information-on-3g-services

References  3G Network Information | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5101359_network-information.html#ixzz2FXBMja55 http://acer--uk.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/2998/~/general-information-on-3g-services

References http://booklens.com/v-jeyasri-arokiamary/mobile-communications http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gsm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCseyGbXdE4