Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Years 1 to 6 Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past The census provides a detailed snapshot in time of the population. This includes our jobs (or occupations).

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Which occupations do you know? In partners or groups, think of three occupations. Then let’s share these with the class!

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Here’s a snapshot of the number of occupations from the last four censuses across England and Wales. What are our observations? Occupation Census 2011 Census 2001 Census 1991 Census 1981 Administrative 3,035,000 3,148,893 3,461,580 3,544,470 Managers/ Directors 2,861,000 3,570,069 2,084,110 2,077,450 Sales and customer service 2,241,000 1,812,500 1,527,450 1,234,450 Education 2,628,000 1,001,384 126,557 168,590 Agriculture, forestry, fishing 227,000 227,790 140,380 297,250

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Here is an occupation which was common in the past. Lamplighter What do we think this occupation involved? Why do we think this is not a common job nowadays?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Here is an occupation which was common in the past. Knocker-up of workpeople What do we think this occupation involved? Why do we think this is not a common job nowadays?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Here is an occupation which was common in the past. Blacksmith What do we think this occupation involved? Why do we think this is a less common job nowadays? Why do we think this job has changed since the old days?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Here is an occupation which was common in the past. Child Chimney Sweep What do we think this occupation involved? Do we think asking children (only poor children, often orphans) to do this work was very wrong? How different is this job nowadays? (Nobody climbs chimneys, certainly not children!)

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Now let’s look at occupations in 2011.

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Here is a selection of key occupations from Census 2011. Education 2,628,000 Construction 2,043,000 Transport and storage 1,313,000 Financial and insurance 1,145,000 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 227,000 Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning 151,000 Mining and quarrying 46,000

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past England and Wales Here is a full list of the occupations from Census 2011. Industry Number Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles Human health and social work activities Education Manufacturing Construction Professional, scientific and technical activities Public administration and defence; compulsory security Accommodation and food service activities Transport and storage Other Administrative and support service activities Financial and insurance activities Information and communication Real estate activities Agriculture, forestry and fishing Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Mining and quarrying 4,220,000 3,318,000 2,628,000 2,370,000 2,043,000 1,746,000 1,592,000 1,485,000 1,313,000 1,319,000 1,294,000 1,145,000 1,055,000 384,000 227,000 188,000 151,000 46,000

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Today’s task: Research an occupation. It could be from the past or from the recent census information. Points to think about: Highlight your information. Make notes or create a graphic organiser to record your research. You could research a second occupation from a different time in history so that you can compare it.

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Sharing our research. Let’s discuss: Points to think about: What do you think were the worst jobs from the past? What is your favourite job from the past or the present? How do we think occupations might change in the future?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Year 6 The census provides a detailed snapshot in time of the population. This includes our jobs (or occupations).

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past These are the figures for occupations in Census 2011, including percentages. England and Wales Industry Number Percentage Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles Human health and social work activities Education Manufacturing Construction Professional, scientific and technical activities Public administration and defence; compulsory security Accommodation and food service activities Transport and storage Administrative and support service activities Financial and insurance activities Information and communication Real estate activities Agriculture, forestry and fishing Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Mining and quarrying Other 4,220,000 3,318,000 2,628,000 2,370,000 2,043,000 1,746,000 1,592,000 1,485,000 1,313,000 1,294,000 1,145,000 1,055,000 384,000 227,000 188,000 151,000 46,000 1,319,000 16% 12% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 5%

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past We can present these figures from Census 2011 in a pie chart: England and Wales 2011, employment for people aged 16 to 74 Helpful note: To edit this bar graph, click on the chart. Then in the tool bar select ‘Chart Design’ (or the ‘Design’ option within ‘Chart Tools’). Then click on ‘Edit Data’. Alternatively, you can create your graphs on the Census Schools website!

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Here’s a snapshot of some occupations from the last four censuses. What are our observations? Occupation Census 2011 Census 2001 Census 1991 Census 1981 Administrative 3,035,000 3,148,893 3,461,580 3,544,470 Managers/ Directors 2,861,000 3,570,069 2,084,110 2,077,450 Sales and customer service 2,241,000 1,812,500 1,527,450 1,234,450 Education 2,628,000 1,001,384 126,557 168,590 Agriculture, forestry, fishing 227,000 227,790 140,380 297,250

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past We’re now going to look at occupations going back over a century. What are our observations?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Knight of the Thimble (also known as Knight of the Sheers) A tailor or stay-maker. The job of tailor still exists nowadays. It is someone who makes or repairs clothing, especially suits for men. A ‘stay-maker’ made corsets, underclothes which women wore in the olden days. Knocker-up of workpeople Before we had alarm clocks (never mind mobile phones), the knocker-up would tap on people’s windows to wake them up in the morning and get them off to work!

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Blacksmith In the olden day of gas lights (instead of modern lampposts), they would light each lamp individually. There are still five lamplighters (and a few gas lamps) left. Our modern lamplighters are also engineers, and they look after the lamps as a little extra part of their job. (Child) Chimney Sweep At the time of the first Census 1801, children who were small enough were sent up chimneys to clean them. It was a painful and dangerous job. It was only poor children, often orphans, who were forced into this work. By Census 1881, it was illegal for children under 14 to sweep chimneys. Blacksmith Person who shoes horses. There are still blacksmiths today, but nowadays they do other metal work. There are far fewer blacksmiths now than 100 years ago. Why might that be?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Our task: Research how occupations have changed over the years. What do you think are the reasons for these changes?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Following your research, create a report to consider how occupations might change in the future. Remember to: Use good presentation to structure your text and guide your reader. For example: Headings Bullet points Underlining

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Nursery & Reception Nursery &Reception Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past The census provides a detailed snapshot in time of the population. This includes our jobs (or occupations). What do we think ‘occupation’ means?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past What is a job? Your teacher has a job! Who else do we know who has a job? Now we’re going to find out about jobs from the past!

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Lamplighter What do we think these people did? Why do we think this is not a job that many people do today?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Blacksmith What do we think these people did? Why do we think this is not a job that many people do today?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Child Chimney Sweep What do we think these people did? Why do we think this is not a job that many people do today? (And that children never do!)

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Appendix: Useful slides Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Snapshot of occupations from Census 1891 Knight of the Thimble (also known as Knight of the Sheers) A tailor or stay-maker. The job of tailor still exists nowadays. It is someone who makes or repairs clothing, especially suits for men. A ‘stay-maker’ made corsets, underclothes which women wore in the olden days. Knocker-up of workpeople Before we had alarm clocks (never mind mobile phones), the knocker-up would tap on people’s windows to wake them up in the morning and get them off to work! Cow-banger In the olden days, ‘cow- banger’ was a colloquial (or slang) word for dairy farmer.

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Snapshot of occupations from Census 1891 Blacksmith In the olden day of gas lights (instead of modern lampposts), they would light each lamp individually. There are still five lamplighters (and a few gas lamps) left. Our modern lamplighters are also engineers, and they look after the lamps as a little extra part of their job. (Child) Chimney Sweep At the time of the first Census 1801, children who were small enough were sent up chimneys to clean them. It was a painful and dangerous job. It was only poor children, often orphans, who were forced into this work. By Census 1881, it was illegal for children under 14 to sweep chimneys. Blacksmith Person who shoes horses. There are still blacksmiths today, but nowadays they do other metal work. There are far fewer blacksmiths now than 100 years ago. Why might that be?

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Glossary of further occupations from Census 1891 Able Seaman Knight of the Thimble, also known as Knight of the Sheers. Bard Poet or minstrel. Clod Hopper This was a colloquial (or slang) name for a person who ploughed the fields. Loblolly Boy An errand boy or a surgeon’s assistant on a ship. Nipper Lorry boy or young person employed by a carter or wagoner to assist with collection and delivery of goods. Toe Rag Worked at the docks as a corn porter. Watchman Town official who guarded the streets at night. Way Maker Employed to make roads.

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Let’s fill in our own findings about these occupations Able Seaman Bard Clod Hopper Loblolly Boy Nipper Toe Rag Watchman Way Maker

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Children can fill in their own findings about these occupations Knight of the Thimble, also known as Knight of the Sheers Knocker-up of workpeople Cow-banger

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Children can fill in their own findings about these occupations Lamplighter Gas Blacksmith Chimney Sweep

Let’s Count! Working Life in the Past Children can fill in their findings about other occupations