Section 3 Obj: Identify the affects of unions during the late 1800s Chapter 9: Immigration (1860 – 1900) Section 3 Obj: Identify the affects of unions during the late 1800s RISE OF UNIONS

Work Force Industries grew with the help of a surplus of workers Immigrants and rural Americans came to the U.S. cities for work This surplus allowed factories to spend less money on labor This surplus also led to poor working conditions 12 hour shifts Dangerous

Women & Children Factories tried to hire the cheapest labor This resulted in many women and children entering the work force Inventions made it possible for them to work It did not take much strength or skill to run a machine This factor also changed the lifestyle of the American family

Company Towns In the mining frontier a different labor problem arose Mine owners created towns near the mines The company would build houses, schools, stores and churches in the town Workers would then pay the company money to: Live in a house Buy food from the store Have their children go to school The company was making it so miners were not making a profit Miners were unable to save money and leave

Pullman Society We are born in a Pullman house, cradled in a Pullman crib, paid from a Pullman store, taught in a Pullman school, confirmed in a Pullman church, exploited in a Pullman shop, and when we die we'll be buried in a Pullman grave and go to a Pullman hell. (Chicago Evening Journal, February 16, 1918)

Labor Unions Unions were created as early as the 1860s They were created to protect workers by organizing them into a group Knights of Labor Organized skilled and unskilled workers Also allowed women and African Americans Union was highly secret in its early years By the 1880s the group was a national force and publicly known

Knights of Labor Accepted almost every kind of worker They fought for: An 8 hr. work day Termination of child labor Equal pay for equal work Government ownership of railroads In the beginning they opposed the use of strikes Over time the process became more accepted and effective

AFL Samuel Gompers founded the AFL in 1886 The AFL only accepted skilled workers The AFL was a more conservative organization Did not use strikes believed in Campaigned for basic improvements for workers 8 hr. work day Higher wages Better working conditions The AFL was an overall more effective union

Violence A strike is stoppage of work, until the demands of the workers are met Workers did not get paid and companies did not make money Strikes would often lead to violence Haymarket Square Riot Workers of the KOL went on strike Demanded a shorter work day The strikers held a demonstration at the Haymarket Square Police began to get involved A pipe bomb was thrown, which killed 11 people The result was a signal event in the issues of American labor