The War in the Pacific In order to defeat Japan and end the war in the Pacific, the United States unleashes a terrible new weapon, the atomic bomb.

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Presentation transcript:

The War in the Pacific In order to defeat Japan and end the war in the Pacific, the United States unleashes a terrible new weapon, the atomic bomb.

The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide Japanese Advances In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain Doolittle’s Raid April 1942, Lt. Col. James Doolittle leads raid on Tokyo Battle of the Coral Sea May 1942, U.S., Australian soldiers stop Japanese drive to Australia For first time since Pearl Harbor, Japanese invasion turned back The Battle of Midway Admiral Chester Nimitz commands U.S. naval forces in Pacific Allies break Japanese code, win Battle of Midway, stop Japan again Allies advance island by island to Japan

The Allies Go on the Offensive The Allied Offensive Allied offensive begins August 1942 in Guadalcanal October 1944, Allies converge on Leyte Island in Philippines — return of MacArthur The Japanese Defense Japan uses kamikaze attack—pilots crash bomb-laden planes into ships Battle of Leyte Gulf is a disaster for Japan — Imperial Navy severely damaged; plays minor role after Iwo Jima Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive The Battle for Okinawa April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties

The Atomic Bomb Ends the War The Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer is research director of Manhattan Project July 1945, atomic bomb tested in New Mexico desert President Truman orders military to drop 2 atomic bombs on Japan Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 6, Hiroshima, major military center, destroyed by bomb 3 days later, bomb dropped on city of Nagasaki September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders

Rebuilding Begins The Yalta Conference Human Costs of the War February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta — discuss post-war world FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations Human Costs of the War WW II most destructive war in human history The Nuremberg War Trials Nuremberg trials—24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced — charged with crimes against humanity, against the peace, war crimes Establish principle that people responsible for own actions in war The Occupation of Japan MacArthur commands U.S. occupation forces in Japan Over 1,100 Japanese tried, sentenced MacArthur reshapes Japan’s economy, government