Convergent expansion in less predominant B-lineage clones.

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Convergent expansion in less predominant B-lineage clones. Convergent expansion in less predominant B-lineage clones. A, Numbers of somatic mutations in the V genes of the five most predominant clones (1–5) in three multiple myeloma samples were determined. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and corrected for multiple testing applying Bonferroni correction. B, Shows the alignment of the CDR3 nucleotide sequences of the third predominant clone of multiple myeloma 2 as an example. The CDR3 shows silent nucleotide exchanges when comparing sequences from different cells suggesting an antigen-driven convergent expansion process. C, Phenotypic characteristics for selected markers in the three predominant clones (filled black circles) of multiple myeloma 2 as an example. Positive and negative gates were defined based on the distribution of cells in the whole dataset (contour). For a detailed visualization of all markers in all investigated clones, see Supplementary Fig. S6. AA seq, amino acid sequence. Leo Hansmann et al. Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5:744-754 ©2017 by American Association for Cancer Research