Contemporary Perspectives Chapter 1 – Section 4
The Biological Perspective Emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior Look for connections between events in the brain and behavior They also study the effects of genetics and hormonal influences on behavior
The Cognitive Perspective Emphasizes the role of thoughts on behavior Study the process of the mind Piaget theory of cognitive development Behavior is influenced by values, interpretations and choices
The Humanistic Perspective Emphasizes the human capacity for self fulfillment and the importance of the consciousness, self awareness, and the capacity to make choices. Consciousness is viewed as the force that shapes peoples personality We are free to choose our own behavior
The Psychoanalytical Perspective Emphasizes the influence of unconscious forces on human behavior Focus more today on conscious choice and self direction Freud believed aggressive impulses are common reaction to frustration
The Learning Perspective Emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior Behaviorists interested in learned behavior through repetition Social learning theory stresses environment less and conscious decision more. Behavior learned by either direct experience or observing others
The Sociocultural Perspective Emphasizes the effect of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior Study the social expectations of gender