Ch. 12 Recovery & Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance

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Ch. 12 Recovery & Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance FQ: What characteristics distinguish the Renaissance from the Middle Ages?

Question #1 In one sentence, describe how Swiss historian Jacob Burkhardt portrayed Italy in his book, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860). Which two characteristics of the Renaissance did Burkhardt exaggerate in his work?

Historiography of the Renaissance 1860 – Jacob Burkhardt (Swiss historian) wrote The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy -portrayed Italy as the birthplace of modern Europe -exaggerated individuality & secularism while failing to recognize the depths of religious sentiment.

Question #2 The Renaissance was a time period of “recovery”. List three events it was recovering from.

What was the Renaissance? Age of Recovery from: -Black Death -Economic recession -Political disorder

Question #3 List five characteristics of the Renaissance:

Characteristics of the Renaissance Rediscovery of classical antiquity led to new attempts to reconcile the pagan philosophy of the Greco-Roman world with Christian thought. Emphasis on the individual Wealthy-upper class achievements Crash Course – The Renaissance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vufba_ZcoR0

FQ: What major social changes occurred during the Renaissance?

Question #4 What are three factors that played a role in the economic recovery during the Renaissance?

Economic recovery Flanders, Bruges (port city) became the economic crossroads of Europe in the 14th century. Woolen industries and trade recover. New mining industries for copper, silver and iron which led to improved weaponry.

Question #5 Describe one social change involving the nobility during the Renaissance.

Social changes Nobility became more concerned with: -military/bodily exercises -Education & art -Code of conduct (modesty) The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione

Question #6 List the urban societal hierarchy during the Italian Renaissance:

Urban societal hierarchy Patricians = trade, industry, banking Petty burghers = shopkeepers, artisans, guild masters Propertyless workers (30-40% of population) Slaves

FQ: How did Machiavelli’s works reflect the political realities of Renaissance Italy? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOXl0Ll_t9s&t=59s

Question #7 List the five major Italian states during the Renaissance:

Five Major Italian States Milan Venice Florence Papal States Naples

Question #8 These two Italian states where located in Northern Italy and each developed a sophisticated tax system. Both were also governed by merchant oligarchies.

Northern Italy Milan and Venice = Visconti & Sforza rulers -highly centralized territorial states -sophisticated taxation led to increased revenues -governed by oligarchy of merchant- aristocrats

Question #9 Which Italian state was known as the epicenter of the Early Renaissance Art movement? It experienced a “golden age” of art under the rule of which Italian family?

Florence Dominated Tuscany. Controlled by small merchant oligarchy under the disguise of a republic. Ugly side of Renaissance Florence included: -gross inequality between rich and poor -poverty, crime and disease were rampant

Question #10 The Renaissance Popes reestablished control over which Italian state?

Papal States and Naples Renaissance popes had to reestablish control over the Papal States. Kingdom of Naples (southern Italy) was poverty stricken and shared little in the cultural glories of the Renaissance.