STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENT The skeletal system and the muscular system work together to provide structure, enable movement and protect organ systems. The human body is very flexible in the way that it can move and tasks it can perform.

STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENT The skeletal system has 5 major functions: It protects internal organs It provides support and structure It help the body to move It stores minerals Produces blood cells The skeletal system is mostly bones. Ligaments, tendons and cartilage are also parts of the skeletal system

STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENT The Skeletal System Storage: Bones are an important storage site calcium which is essential for many functions in the body. Muscles require calcium for contractions The nervous system requires calcium for communication Protection: Many bones protect organs which are made of softer tissue. The skull protects the brain The rib cage protects the heart and lungs

Joints They allow bones to move in different ways Moveable and immoveable Hinge joints Ball-and-Socket joint Gliding joint Pivot joint

Characteristics of Bones Complex living structures that: grow develop repair themselves

The Skeletal System Bones are organs that contain two types of tissue: Compact bone – hard outer layer Spongy bone – inner region with many holes There are 2 types of bone marrow: Red bone marrow – produces red blood cells. White blood cells and platelets. Because it produces white blood cells it is part of the lymphatic system Yellow bone marrow – yellow because of its high fat cell content. Produces fat, cartilage and bone.

Healthy Bones Balanced diet and regular exercise

Muscle Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion. Muscle Types

Voluntary and Involuntary Muscle Voluntary muscles are under your conscious control and involuntary are not.

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Muscle cells are everywhere in the body Almost half of your body mass is muscle cells Skeletal Muscle – It's attached to the bone and consists of muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves that cover our bones and allows movement. Cardiac muscle – Only found in the heart. Continuously contracts and relaxes Smooth muscle – moves materials through the body. Found in organs such as the stomach, esophagus and bladder. Blood vessels also have smooth muscle tissue.

How Skeletal Muscles Work Skeletal muscles work in pairs, contract not lengthen. One contracts the other relaxes.

Healthy Muscles Regular exercise maintains strength and flexibility. Individual cells become bigger so the whole muscle becomes thicker and stronger. Warming up increases blood flow. Stretching makes you more flexible and prepares them for exercise.

Muscle Injury Strains occur when a muscle is overworked or overstretched. Cramp is when a muscle contracts and stays contracted. Ruptured Thigh Muscle Cramp Bicep Repair Operation 1 Bicep Repair Operation 2

Functions and structure of skin Skin has two layers to protect the body Regulates body temp Eliminates wastes Gathers environmental information Produces vitamin D

Skin Structure

Keeping Your Skin Healthy Healthy diet Clean your skin Limit your time in the sun