Ch. 12 Recovery & Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 12 Recovery & Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance FQ: What characteristics distinguish the Renaissance from the Middle Ages?

Historiography of the Renaissance 1860 – Jacob Burkhardt (Swiss historian) wrote The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy -portrayed Italy as the birthplace of modern Europe -exaggerated individuality & secularism while failing to recognize the depths of religious sentiment.

What was the Renaissance? Age of Recovery from: -Black Death -Economic recession -Political disorder

Characteristics of the Renaissance Rediscovery of classical antiquity led to new attempts to reconcile the pagan philosophy of the Greco-Roman world with Christian thought. Emphasis on the individual Wealthy-upper class achievements Crash Course – The Renaissance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vufba_ZcoR0

FQ: What major social changes occurred during the Renaissance?

Economic recovery Flanders, Bruges (port city) became the economic crossroads of Europe in the 14th century. Woolen industries and trade recover. New mining industries for copper, silver and iron which led to improved weaponry.

Social changes Nobility became more concerned with: -military/bodily exercises -Education & art -Code of conduct (modesty) The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione

Urban societal hierarchy Patricians = trade, industry, banking Petty burghers = shopkeepers, artisans, guild masters Propertyless workers (30-40% of population) Slaves

FQ: How did Machiavelli’s works reflect the political realities of Renaissance Italy?

Five Major Italian States Milan Venice Florence Papal States Naples

Northern Italy Milan and Venice = Visconti & Sforza rulers -highly centralized territorial states -sophisticated taxation led to increased revenues -governed by oligarchy of merchant- aristocrats

Florence Dominated Tuscany. Controlled by small merchant oligarchy under the disguise of a republic. Ugly side of Renaissance Florence included: -gross inequality between rich and poor -poverty, crime and disease were rampant

Papal States and Naples Renaissance popes had to reestablish control over the Papal States. Kingdom of Naples (southern Italy) was poverty stricken and shared little in the cultural glories of the Renaissance.