A: Evolution of clinically observed signs after 38 patients received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen. A: Evolution of clinically observed signs after 38.

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A: Evolution of clinically observed signs after 38 patients received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen. A: Evolution of clinically observed signs after 38 patients received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen. Mean FIO2 from OptiFlow cannula was 0.88 ± 0.16 with flow of 49 ± 9 L/min. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. The SpO2 box plots show the medians and interquartile ranges, and the open circles show the maximum values. * P < .05 vs before value. † P < .005 vs before value. (From Reference 62, with permission.)‏ Jeffrey J Ward Respir Care 2013;58:98-122 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.