Scenario Analysis Based on Life Cycle Assessment Approach Research title Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Ha Long bay Scenario Analysis Based on Life Cycle Assessment Approach Supervisor: Presenter: Associate Professor Helmut Yabar Hoang Duong

Content Research Objective Concept Methodology Study area Modelling scenarios LCA and results

1. Research Objectives Analyzing the current situation of MSW management in Ha Long bay area; Proposing and assessing alternative MSW management scenarios in term of environmental and economic aspects; and Finding out suitable places for MSW facilities by using GIS data and national/provincial criteria in term of sustainable development

2. Concept Municipal solid waste (MSW) refers to wastes generated from households, businesses and office; Several different technologies using to treat MSW: Waste biological treatment Material recycling Incineration Landfill

2. Concept (cont.) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach: a system to assess the environmental impact potential related to a product, process Table 1. LCA framework (Source: ISO 2006)

3. Study area Located within Quang Ninh province in northeast Vietnam; World Heritage Site; Mainly economic activities: mining; tourist; service; and Current situation of solid waste management (2015): Generated 115 thousand tons/year; Collect rate 90%; No official recycling facility; Most of collected waste is disposed at 2 landfill without LFG collection system; Source: Nippon Koei Co., LTD, 2013, Project completion report “The project for Environmental Protection in Halong bay”

3. Methodology Collecting secondary data from official sources such as the amount, the composition of the waste; Using LCA model - IWM-II (Integrate waste management –II) software to analyze the input and output data of municipal solid waste management in Ha Long bay; and Using Arc GIS software to optimize landfill site selecting.

4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software) Scenario 1 (S-1): Mixed waste collection, unsanitary landfill without LFG collection Informal Recycle Materials Mixed collection Unsanitary landfill without LFG collection

4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software) Scenario 2 (S-2): Mixed waste collection, sanitary landfill with LFG collection Informal Recycle Materials Mixed collection Sanitary landfill with LFG collection

4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software) Scenario 3 (S-3): Separated waste in source, recycling, sanitary landfill with LFG collection, Bio treatment Recycling Materials Separated waste Bio gasification/Compost Product/ Energy Sanitary landfill with LFG collection

4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software) Scenario 4 (S-4): Separated waste in source, recycling, sanitary landfill with LFG collection, Bio treatment, incineration Recycling Materials Separated waste Bio gasification/Compost Product/ Energy Sanitary landfill with LFG collection Incineration Energy

5. Results Table 2. BOD potential Table 1 . GWP potential Landfill gas collection and recovery or flaring can reduce GWP value compare to S-1 without landfill gas collection Water is polluted by leachate from landfill and recycling in some cases. The water pollution potential reduces from S-1 to S-4 due to the reduction of the waste amount sent to the landfill

References Quang Ninh Provincial People’s Committee, 2014, Environmental planning in Ha Long bay to 2020 vision to 2030 IUCN, 2015, Situation Analysis of the Water Quality of Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam IUCN, 2016, Ha Long Bay boat waste collection and treatment Https://laodong.vn/xa-hoi/dau-dau-vi-rac-thai-tren-vinh-ha-long- 690351.bld Hoang, Phuong Chi, 2005, Audit of Solid Waste from Hotels and Composting Trial in Ha Long city, Vietnam

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