“when, since, after, because” without using clue words Ablative Absolute “when, since, after, because” without using clue words

Formation The ablative absolute includes a participle of the verb, usually the past participle but others are used, and usually a noun in the ablative. The translation into English yields a clause, yet the Latin is a phrase.

exempla Amata puella Since the girl was loved Because the girl was loved Cane ambulato Since the dog was walked After the dog as walked When the dog was walked Because the dog was walked

Necessary Parts Each basic A.A. needs a noun in the ablative and a verb participle in the ablative Verbs have participles in three tenses: present, past, and future, but the first two are of primary importance.

Present participle Verb infinitive minus “re” plus “ns” For 3rd io and 4th, “iens” Amare-re=ns=amans (loving) Capere-re+iens=capiens (taking) These participles decline in the 3rd declension chart.

Past participles Formation for regular verbs is inf- re+tus,a,um Amare-re=tus=amatus (having been loved) Or Irregular verbs…look them up. Duco>ductum Spargere>sparsum Traho>tractum

exempla Puero tracto (after the boy was dragged) Agricola visa (when the farmer was seen) Cane ducto (since the dog was led)

Translate the following A.A. Phrases into acceptable English clauses Turno necato Pallante viso Lavinia amata Latinis defensis Cingulis aureis captis Feminis vocatis Discipulis doctis

Practice Present participles Turn each of the following into the present participle form Capere Venire Ambulare Videre Stare Currere