Polar and Non-polar Covalent Bonds

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Polar and Non-polar Covalent Bonds Polar Bond - When the electron pair in a covalent bond is NOT shared equally H EN = 2.1 Cl EN = 3.0 EN = 0.8  = 1.03 D =q*d (unit Debyes (D)) (pg. 298) Non-Polar Bond - When the electron pair in a covalent bond is shared equally H EN = 2.1 EN = 0.0  = 0.0 D

CO2 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB O=C=O Linear OCO  180o sp hybridized non-polar molecule no net dipole

non-polar molecule No net dipole BF3 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR Trigonal Planar FBF  120o VB sp2 non-polar molecule No net dipole

NO2- Lewis Dot VSEPR VB The Molecular Geometry (Shape) is Bent sp2  polar net dipole + ..  .. .. .. O-N=O - .. ..

CH4 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB Tetrahedral HCH  109.5o sp3 H C non-polar no net dipole polar net dipole

NH3 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB pyramidal HNH  107.3o sp3 polar net dipole .. H N H H polar net dipole NF3 FNF  102.1o

H2O Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB Bent HOH  104.5o Due to e- repulsion of lp VB sp3 polar net dipole .. H O H .. sp3

PF5 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB Trigonal Bipyramidal FPF 90.0o & 120.0o & 180.0o VB sp3d F F F P non-polar no net dipole F F

SF4 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB Seesaw FSF  101.6o & 177o due to lp repulsion VB sp3d polar net dipole F F S F F

ClF3 VSEPR T-Shaped VB sp3d polar net dipole

XeF2 VSEPR Linear VB sp3d non-polar no net dipole

SF6 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB Octahedral FSF 90.0o & 180.0o sp3d2 non-polar no net dipole

VSEPR Square Pyramidal VB sp3d2 polar net dipole

VSEPR Square Planar VB sp3d2 non-polar no net dipole

Computational Chemistry

 and  bonding C2H4 sp2 on Carbon H H : : CH4 sp3 on Carbon C : : C :

Benzene sp2 on the Carbon atoms has 2 resonance structures pz orbital on the Carbon atoms