Spread of Nationalism and Jacksonian Democracy Age of Jackson Spread of Nationalism and Jacksonian Democracy

V. Andrew Jackson A. Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams run for Presidency Jackson received the most popular votes, but not a majority of electoral votes The House of Representatives must decide the next President Clay convinced them to vote for Adams Adams became the 6th President Adams appointed Clay his Secretary of State

B. Election of 1828 New political party formed Called the Democratic Party Organized by Martin Van Buren

Expanding Suffrage President Jackson removes the land-owning requirement for voting. Still only white males could vote, but progress made from the “land owners” mentality / status

3. Nullification Crisis Protective Tariff raised in 1828 (before Jackson) South (John C. Calhoun) called it the “Tariff of Abominations” South forced to buy Northern goods rather than cheaper ones from Europe John C. Calhoun felt that states had the right to nullify a law within their borders South Carolina threatened to secede Congress Passes the Force Bill Allowed the government to use the army and navy against South Carolina South Carolina kept the tariff but nullified the Force Bill

States’ Rights Due to issues like the Nullification Crisis, Alien-Sedition Acts, and slavery, states are believing and feel they can govern themselves without federal govt. interference Don’t want federal control

- Cherokee sued for their right to stay in / on their lands. 5. Indian Removal Act of 1830 - authorized the president to gran unsettled lands west of the Miss. River in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. - Trail of Tears - describes the journey of Cherokees forced relocation to Oklahoma. - Worcester vs. Georgia - Cherokee sued for their right to stay in / on their lands. - Supreme Court ruled in the Cherokee’s favor - Jackson refused to obey or listen to the ruling and decides to forcibly relocate anyways

VI. Economic Expansion 1. How North, South, and West are linked 2. Industrial Revolution Samuel Slater – Brought textiles to the U.S. Noah Webster - Promoted education including Book of Spelling Eli Whitney Advocated interchangeable parts to increase profit and production Invents Cotton Gin Cotton profits skyrocketed making cotton “KING” More slave labor became needed

Transportation Erie Canal (1825) built Paid for by New York 365 miles connecting Hudson River to Lake Erie Cumberland Road built First “national road” Connected Maryland to Columbus, Ohio Robert Fulton used James Watt’s steam engine to power boats

3. The American System A. Henry Clay - North = Industrial center of the US and economy - South = agricultural center of the US and economy (KING cotton) - work together to dominate each of those areas, but also leads to increasing sectionalism

VII. 2nd Great Awakening Social Life Farming became even bigger in the South, while the North began to develop factories for production Second Great Awakening (early 1800’s) Was an Evangelical Movement Began in Kentucky and Tennessee Protestants Believed scripture is final authority Believed that only belief in Jesus yields salvation Believed that doing good deeds could transform your life Baptists experience rapid growth

Temperance Encouraged ABSTINENCE – not drinking alcohol Movement would eventually lead to Prohibition in the 1920s

Public Education Horace Mann pushed for free education, to be paid for by taxes Moral education stressed in schools Thrift Obedience Honesty Temperance

Women’s fight to gain suffrage Many cultural and legal restrictions on women Catherine Beecher inspired women to build a strong American society Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first convention to discuss women’s rights