PA and Sound Reinforcement System August, 2019 By : Engr. Alo Oluwagbenga MNSE, MNIEEE (Assistant Chief Engineer, NTA Headquarters, Abuja) Phone: 08054463767 E-Mail : alooluwagbenga@gmail.com

OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION Definition of Terms Considerations For PA Components of PA system The Signal Flow The Set up

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM Public Address Systen is an sound processor and distribution system with a microphone,, amplifier and a transducer(loudspeakers), used to allow a person to address a large public. Basically for speeches.

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM Public Address Systen is an electronic sound amplification and distribution system with a microphone, amplifier and a transducer(loudspeakers), used to allow a person to address a large public.

Sound reinforcement SYSTEM This is the combination of microphones, signal processors, amplifiers, and loudspeakers in enclosures all controlled by a mixing console that makes live sound(Vocals and musical equipments) or pre-recorded audio materials sounds louder and may also distribute those sounds to a larger or more distant audience via loud speakers in the form of sound.

Sound reinforcement system It is a functional arrangement of electronic components designed to amplify sound(speech, music, from other musical equipment) To reinforce a sound is to enhance or to give sound more power. The difference between PA system and Sound reinforcement is that PA is simple and it is only for speeeches, but Sound Reinforcement more elaborate(i.e has more components ) used for singing, music , speeches and reinforcement of sound sources.

PA SYSTEM BASIC COMPONETS

Block diagram

Sound reinforcement SYSTEM

CONSIDERATIONS & REQUirement Room Size & Acoustics Number of People & Location Speaker Placements Inputs Mixing Console needs to sound realistic Equaliser Amplifiers Speakers Headphone

Room size & acoustics Before you set up any audio system, you need to consider the environment it will be in. Does the room have hard surfaces that can reflect the sound? (i.e. sheetrock walls, glass windows, tiled floors, wooden pews, vaulted hardwood ceilings or a metal roof with beams and columns) Perhaps it’s filled with stuff that absorbs sound like heavy drapes, carpeting, and padded chairs. It’s not that one environment is better than another, but what type of room most suitable.

Position of speakers

Stereo speaker pair coverage

Stereo speaker pair coverage

Number of people & Location For a 50-100 seats hall, the required skill to set-up a the sound system will be less than it would be for 2,000 seat mega-hall. The equipment needed to cover a small space is typically less difficult to connect and operate. The same applies for an enclosed space or an open air space.

Mixer amplifier

COMPONENTS of pa system The Microphones(wired/wireless) The Instruments/Equipment The Audio Mixer/ Console The Cables The Snake The Sound processors The Amplifiers The Loud Speaker

AUDIO MoNITORING Headphones-These are used to monitor audio more closely. Without it you can’t hear the problems you need to prevent. It can be really helpful to check your audio on multiple sources. A quality set of headphones will help you hear details.

HEADPHONES

equipment Rack unit-sound processors

snake cable

speakon cable

amplifier

speakers-subwoofer

Speakers-mid range speakers

SOUND SETUP-amplifiers etc