Chemical Bonds Na - 11 + + + + + + + + + + + + nucleus Name Sodium Name 11 Atomic Number Na Symbol 22.990 Atomic Mass + + + + + proton + + + + neutron + + + - electron nucleus Orbital Notation Electron Configuration Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Na - - - Na Na Na 11 + nucleus + electron cloud Name Sodium Name 11 Atomic Number Na Symbol 22.990 Atomic Mass 1s + nucleus 2s + proton - - neutron - electron electron cloud Na Orbital Notation 1s Na 1s2 Electron Configuration Na Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Na - - - - - - Na Na Na 11 + nucleus + electron cloud Sodium Name 11 Atomic Number Na Symbol 22.990 Atomic Mass 1s + nucleus - 2s + proton - - 2px - neutron - - electron electron cloud Na Orbital Notation 1s 2s 2p Na 1s2 2s2 Electron Configuration Na Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Na - - - - - - - - Na 11 + nucleus + electron cloud Sodium Name 11 Atomic Number Na Symbol 22.990 Atomic Mass 1s + nucleus - - 2s - + proton - - 2px - neutron 2py - - electron 2pz electron cloud Orbital Notation Electron Configuration Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure Na 1s 1s2 2s 2s2 2p

Chemical Bonds Na - - - - - - - - - - - Na 11 + nucleus + Sodium Name 11 Atomic Number Na Symbol 22.990 Atomic Mass 1s + nucleus - - 2s - - + proton - - 2px - - neutron - 2py - - electron 2pz electron cloud Orbital Notation Electron Configuration Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure Na 1s 1s2 2s 2s2 2p 2p6

Chemical Bonds Na - - - - - - - - - - - - Na 11 + nucleus + Sodium Name 11 Atomic Number Na Symbol 22.990 Atomic Mass 1s + nucleus - - - 2s - - + proton - - 2px - - neutron - 2py - - electron 3s 2pz electron cloud Orbital Notation Electron Configuration Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure Na 1s 1s2 2s 2s2 2p 3s 2p6 3s1

Chemical Bonds Na - - Na Na Na 11 + nucleus + electron cloud Name Sodium Name 11 Atomic Number Na Symbol 22.990 Atomic Mass - 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz 3s + nucleus + proton neutron - electron electron cloud Na Na 1s 1s2 2s 2s2 2p 2p6 3s 3s1 Orbital Notation Electron Configuration Na Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Cl - 17 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + nucleus Chlorine Name 17 Atomic Number Cl Symbol 35.453 Atomic Mass + + + + + + proton + + + + + neutron + + + + + - electron + + nucleus Orbital Notation Electron Configuration Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Cl - - - Cl Cl Cl 17 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Chlorine Name 17 Atomic Number Cl Symbol 35.453 Atomic Mass 1s + + + + + 2s + proton + + + + + - - neutron + + + + + - electron + + nucleus electron cloud Cl Orbital Notation 1s Cl 1s2 Electron Configuration Cl Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Cl - - - - - - Cl Cl Cl 17 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Chlorine Name 17 Atomic Number Cl Symbol 35.453 Atomic Mass 1s - + + + + + 2s + proton + + + + + - - 2px - neutron + + + + + - - electron + + nucleus electron cloud Cl Orbital Notation 1s 2s 2p Cl 1s2 2s2 Electron Configuration Cl Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Cl - - - - - - - - Cl Cl Cl 17 + + + + + + + + + + + + Chlorine Name 17 Atomic Number Cl Symbol 35.453 Atomic Mass 1s - + + + + + - 2s - + proton + + + + + - - 2px - neutron + + + + + 2py - - electron + + 2pz nucleus electron cloud Cl Orbital Notation 1s 2s 2p Cl 1s2 2s2 Electron Configuration Cl Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Cl - - - - - - - - - - - Cl Cl Cl 17 + + + + + + + + + Chlorine Name 17 Atomic Number Cl Symbol 35.453 Atomic Mass 1s - + + + + + - 2s - - + proton + + + + + - - 2px - - neutron - + + + + + 2py - - electron + + 2pz nucleus electron cloud Cl Orbital Notation 1s 2s 2p Cl 1s2 2s2 2p6 Electron Configuration Cl Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Cl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cl Cl Cl 17 + + + + 3pz 3py Chlorine Name 17 Atomic Number Cl 3px Symbol 35.453 Atomic Mass 1s - + + + + + - - 2s - - + proton + + + + + - - - 2px - - - neutron - + + + + + - 2py - - electron 3s - + + 2pz nucleus electron cloud Cl Orbital Notation 1s 2s 3s 2p 3p Cl 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Electron Configuration Cl Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Cl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cl Cl Cl 17 + + 3pz 3py Chlorine Name 17 Atomic Number Cl 3px Symbol 35.453 Atomic Mass 1s - - + + + + + - - 2s - - + proton - + + + + + - - - 2px - - - neutron - + + + + + - 2py - - electron 3s - + + 2pz nucleus electron cloud Cl Orbital Notation 1s 2s 3s 2p 3p Cl 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Electron Configuration Cl Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Be - Be Be Be + nucleus electron cloud Name Atomic Number Be Symbol Atomic Mass + proton neutron - electron nucleus electron cloud Be Orbital Notation Be Electron Configuration Be Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds Be - - - - - Be Be Be 4 + + + + + nucleus Beryllium Name 4 Atomic Number Be Symbol 9.012 Atomic Mass 1s - 2s + proton + + - - neutron + + - - electron nucleus electron cloud Be Orbital Notation 1s 2s Be 1s2 2s2 Electron Configuration Be Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

Chemical Bonds O - - - - - - - - - O O O 8 + + nucleus electron cloud Oxygen Name 8 Atomic Number O Symbol 15.999 Atomic Mass 1s + - - 2s - - + proton - - 2px - neutron 2py - - electron 2pz nucleus electron cloud O Orbital Notation 1s 2s 2p O 1s2 2s2 2p4 Electron Configuration O Electron-Dot (Lewis-Dot) Structure

C C C Ne Ne Ne Mg Mg Mg P P P Ca Ca Ca Draw orbital notations for the following: Draw electron configurations for the following: Draw electron-dot (Lewis-Dot) structures for the following: C 1s 2s 2p C C 1s2 2s2 2p2 Ne 1s 2s 2p Ne Ne 1s2 2s2 2p6 Mg 1s 2s 2p 3s Mg Mg 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 P 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p P P 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 Ca 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s Ca 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 Ca

-Cl -O - - - Forming an Ionic Bond Na + Na Na Sodium chloride Na+ Cl 2p 3s Na Sodium chloride Na+ -Cl Cl - Cl Cl 1s 2s 3s 2p 3p + Be Be Be 2s 1s Beryllium oxide -O Be+ + - O - O O 1s 2s 2p

-Cl -O - Chemical Bond -the force that holds two atoms together -formation of chemical bonds allows atoms to form a Noble Gas configuration of valence electrons, allowing them to become more stable and exist at a lower state of potential energy A. Ionic Bond -chemical bond formed by the exchange of electrons between a very electropositive atom (metal) and a very electronegative atom (nonmetal) which results in the formation of oppositely- charged ions, which are strongly attracted to each- other -Cl Na+ Ionic compounds -O Be+ + - -electronegativity is the tendency for an atom to attract electrons in order to form a chemical bond

A. Ionic Bond -ionic bonds are those that have a relative electronegativity difference of more than 1.7 -the electronegativity difference is ______ in Sodium chloride and ______ in Beryllium oxide 2.1 2.0

Properties of Ionic Compounds -when ionic compounds form, they form a _____________, a ________________ _________ arrangement of _______ and ________ ions crystal lattice three-dimensional geometric positive negative Na Na -the energy required to separate _______ (6.02 x 1023) of ions from each other is called the ________________, the more ________ the lattice energy, the ______ the attraction between ions one mole Cl Cl Na Na Na Na Na lattice energy Cl Na Na negative stronger Cl Cl Na Na Na Na Na -the strength of the attraction between ions affects the compound’s __________ _________ physical Na Na properties

Properties of Ionic Compounds Lattice Energy A. Lattice Energy LiF -1032 -gather data LiCl -852 LiBr -815 LiI -761 NaF -926 NaCl -786 NaBr -752 NaI -702 KF -813 KCl -717 KBr -689 KI -649